Autophagy in corneal health and disease: A concise review

Martin, Lynn M.; Jeyabalan, Nallathambi; Tripathi, Ratnakar; Panigrahi, Trailokyanath; Johnson, Philip J.; Ghosh, Arkasubhra; Mohan, Rajiv R.

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2019.01.008

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Autophagy is the means by which cells adapt and respond to differing intrinsic and extrinsic cellular-related stress situations 67–70. Thus, it was not surprising that one of the most downregulated genes in the beclin 1 +/− scRNA-seq data set was histone H2ax (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Helps Define the Limbal/Corneal Epithelial Stem/Early Transit Amplifying Cells and How Autophagy Affects This Population

Kaplan

Wang

Wray

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

101

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Helps Define the Limbal/Corneal Epithelial Stem/Early Transit Amplifying Cells and How Autophagy Affects This Population

Kaplan

Wang

Wray

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

101

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“…Several studies have explored the role of ocular autophagy with HSV-1, Toxoplasma gondii, and fungal spp. [2,3,5] However, the role of ocular autophagy in response to bacterial pathogens remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells use autophagy to eliminate waste products such as damaged organelles and proteins in order to enhance survival during periods of starvation. Autophagy dysregulation has been linked to many diseases including those of the eye [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Therefore therapeutic control of autophagy has been suggested for treatment of cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, for management of cardiovascular aging, and even for treatment of corneal infections [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of autophagy in the cornea is less well understood, but it is clear that autophagy plays a role in HSV-1 infection and keratoconus [3,5,11]. A recent study measured activation of autophagy in mouse corneas following infection with the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and positively correlated autophagy with the severity of infectious pathology [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biologically active pigment and ShlA cytolysin of Serratia marcescens induce autophagy in a human ocular surface cell line

Stella

Shanks

2020

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background: The cellular process of autophagy is essential for maintaining the health of ocular tissue. Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with several ocular diseases including keratoconus and macular degeneration. It is known that autophagy can be used to respond to microbial infections and that certain microbes can exploit the autophagic process to their benefit. In this study, a genetic approach was used to identify surfaceassociated and secreted products generated by the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens involved in activation of autophagy. Methods: A recombinant human corneal limbal epithelial cell line expressing a LC3-GFP fusion protein was challenged with normalized secretomes from wild-type and mutant S. marcescens derivatives. LC3-GFP fluorescence patterns were used to assess the ability of wild-type and mutant bacteria to influence autophagy. Purified prodigiosin was obtained from stationary phase bacteria and used to challenge ocular cells. Results: Mutations in the global regulators eepR and gumB genes highly reduced the ability of the bacteria to activate autophagy in corneal cells. This effect was further narrowed down to the secreted cytolysin ShlA and the biologically active pigment prodigiosin. Purified prodigiosin and ShlA from Escherichia coli further supported the role of these factors in activating autophagy in human corneal cells. Additional genetic data indicate a role for flagellin and type I pili, but not the nuclease, S-layer protein, or serratamolide biosurfactant in activation of autophagy. Conclusions: This work identifies specific bacterial components that activate autophagy and give insight into potential host-pathogen interactions or compounds that can be used to therapeutically manipulate autophagy.

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“…2019; Martin et al. 2019). Thus, ocular surface damages in DED caused by osmotic, inflammatory or mechanical stresses (desiccation and loss of lubrication) are causative factors to improve fragility of eye against environmental aggressions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Navel

Sapin

Henrioux

et al. 2021

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject. Method The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 10 January 2021 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in DED and healthy controls. Main meta‐analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, conjunctival cells or biopsies), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) (patients with or without SS) and by geographical zones (Asia or Europe). Results We included nine articles, for a total of 333 patients (628 eye samples) with DED and 165 healthy controls (451 eye samples). There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in DED compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation = 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85–2.94), with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (1.90, 0.69–3.11), myeloperoxidase (2.17, 1.06–3.28), nitric oxide synthase 3 (2.52, 0.95–4.08), xanthine oxidase/oxidoreductase (2.41, 1.40–5.43), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4HNE) (4.75, 1.67–7.84), malondialdehyde (3.00, 2.55–3.45) and reactive oxygen species (1.31, 0.94–1.68). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears, conjunctival cells and conjunctival biopsies of DED than controls. Even if small number of studies were included for antioxidants, catalase seemed to be decreased in DED compared with healthy controls (−2.17, −3.00 to −1.34), with an increase of antioxidants in tears of DED patients without SS (1.13, 0.76–1.49). Conclusion Oxidative stress markers, and probably antioxidants, were dysregulated in DED, establishing a local oxidative environment in tears, conjunctival cells and tissues.

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Autophagy in corneal health and disease: A concise review

Cited by 41 publications

References 97 publications

Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Helps Define the Limbal/Corneal Epithelial Stem/Early Transit Amplifying Cells and How Autophagy Affects This Population

Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Helps Define the Limbal/Corneal Epithelial Stem/Early Transit Amplifying Cells and How Autophagy Affects This Population

Biologically active pigment and ShlA cytolysin of Serratia marcescens induce autophagy in a human ocular surface cell line

Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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