Autophagy Therapeutic Potential of Garlic in Human Cancer Therapy

Chu, Yung-Lin; Raghu, Rajasekaran; Lu, Kuan-Hung; Liu, Chun‐Ting; Lin, Shu-Hsi; Lai, Yi-Syuan; Cheng, Wei-Cheng; Lin, Shih-Hang; Sheen, Lee‐Yan

doi:10.4103/2225-4110.114895

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition, preclinical animal experiments and phase I clinical trials have certified curcumin to be of minimal toxicity, even at relatively high doses (12 g/day) (10). Although most chemotherapeutic drugs exert their cytotoxic effect by promoting apoptosis, recent studies indicate that autophagy could hold a promise in cancer therapy (11)(12)(13)(14). However, there is paucity of information on the effect of curcumin on autophagy in melanoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin induces autophagy, inhibits proliferation and invasion by downregulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human melanoma cells

et al. 2015

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Melanoma is the foremost malignant cutaneous cancer and it is extremely resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Curcumin is an active component of turmeric, the yellow spice derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, and is widely known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerogenic properties. Several recent studies suggest that curcumin induces apoptosis by modulating multiple signaling pathways to exert its anticancer effect. In the present study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on the viability, invasion potential, cell cycle, autophagy and the AKT, mTOR, P70S6K proteins of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human melanoma A375 and C8161 cell lines in vitro and in an in vivo tumorigenesis model. Curcumin effectively inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. It suppressed cell invasion, arrested the cancer cells at G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and induced autophagy. Furthermore, curcumin suppressed the activation of AKT, mTOR and P70S6K proteins. Curcumin, therefore, is a potent suppressor of cell viability and invasion, and simultaneously an inducer of autophagy in A375 and C8161 cells. Accordingly, curcumin could be a novel therapeutic candidate for the management of melanoma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin induces autophagy, inhibits proliferation and invasion by downregulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human melanoma cells

et al. 2015

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“…Not only do they generate energy for cells, but also they transport electrons. Research indicates that mitochondria membrane potential (MMP, Δ Ψ m ) decreases when it gets damaged, as with ROS at times of stress . In this experiment, JC‐1, a fluorescent dye which can be used to label the mitochondria membrane, is used to analyze the mitochondria membrane potential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research indicates that mitochondria membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ m ) decreases when it gets damaged, as with ROS at times of stress. 23,24 In this experiment, JC-1, a fluorescent dye which can be used to label the mitochondria membrane, is used to analyze the mitochondria membrane potential. Figure 3 shows that the induced mitochondria membrane potential decreases significantly after treating 25, 37.5, and 50 μg/mL of MHA in SUP-T1 lymphoma cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical evaluation and cytotoxic mechanism investigation of Clinacanthus nutans extract in lymphoma SUP‐T1 cells

Hsieh

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Clinacanthus nutans has been used as herbal medicine with antidiabetic, blood pressure lowering, and diuretic properties in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. The in vitro cellular study showed the chloroform extract possessed significant cytotoxicity against leukemia K562 and lymphoma Raji cells. The clinical study reported that administration of plant could treat or prevent relapse in 12 cancer patients. However, detailed mechanism of the anticancer effects and chemical profiles are not thoroughly studied. The chemical study did show that the acetone extract (MHA) exerted the highest antiproliferative effect on human leukemia MOLT-4 cells and lymphoma SUP-T1 cells in dose-dependent cytotoxicity. We found that the use of MHA increased apoptosis by 4.28%-43.65% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 11.79%-26.93%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 19.54% and increased calcium ion by 233.83%, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI, JC-1, H DCFDA, and Flou-3 staining assays, respectively. MHA-induced ER stress was confirmed by increase expression of CHOP and IRE-1α with western blotting assay. In conclusion, we identified good bioactivity in Clinacanthus nutans and recognize its potential effect on cancer therapy, but further research is needed to determine the use of the plant.

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“…Other foods that inhibit the mTOR pathway and induce autophagy include garlic and medicinal mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum and Hirsutella sinensis . Natural compounds that inhibit mTOR and may induce autophagy include allicin ( 17 ; an organosulfur compound isolated from garlic), butein ( 18 ; a chalcone found in plants), celastrol ( 19 ; a triterpenoid compound isolated from the plant Trypterygium wildfordii, a plant used in TCM to treat arthritis and fever), fisetin ( 20 ; a flavonoid found in vegetables and fruits), and quercetin .…”

Section: Mechanism Of Life Extension By Molecules Isolated From Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiaging effects of bioactive molecules isolated from plants and fungi

Martel

Ojcius

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Aging is influenced by many lifestyle choices that are under human control, including nutrition and exercise. The most effective known antiaging intervention consists of calorie restriction (CR), which increases lifespan in yeasts, worms, fruit flies, mice, and nonhuman primates. CR also improves healthspan by preventing the development of various aging‐related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Many compounds isolated from plants and fungi prolong lifespan and prevent age‐related diseases in model organisms. These plant and fungal compounds modulate the same cellular and physiological pathways as CR, including those involving insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1, mammalian target of rapamycin, and sirtuins. Modulation of these aging‐related pathways results in the activation of various cellular processes such as autophagy, DNA repair, and neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Together, these cellular processes are believed to delay aging and prevent chronic diseases by improving bodily functions and stress resistance. We review here the mechanisms of action of plant and fungal molecules possessing antiaging properties and discuss the possibilities and challenges associated with the development of antiaging compounds isolated from natural products.

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Autophagy Therapeutic Potential of Garlic in Human Cancer Therapy

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Curcumin induces autophagy, inhibits proliferation and invasion by downregulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human melanoma cells

Curcumin induces autophagy, inhibits proliferation and invasion by downregulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human melanoma cells

Chemical evaluation and cytotoxic mechanism investigation of Clinacanthus nutans extract in lymphoma SUP‐T1 cells

Antiaging effects of bioactive molecules isolated from plants and fungi

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