“…We propose that the poor survival of grafted chromaffin cells previously observed by our group Bing et al, 1990;Kordower et al, 1990a,b, 199 1) and others (Herrera-Marschitz et al, 1984;Morihisa et al, 1984;Stromberg et al, 1984;Freed et al, 1986;Bankiewicz et al, 1988;Frank et al, 1988;Hurtig et al, 1989;Jankovick et al, 1989;Peterson et al, 1989;Hirsch et al, 1990;Waters et al, 1990) is not due to the lack of NGF-mediated trophic support as previously believed. Rather, the fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells within the adrenal medulla appear deleterious to the viability of adrenal medullary grafts, an effect that can be overcome by NGF administration (Stromberg et al, 1985) or cografting with growth factor-producing cells Date et al, 1990a,b;Kordower et al, 1990a,b;Cunningham et al, 1991;Doering, 199 1;Chalmers et al, 1992).…”