Autoradiographic film evaluated with desktop scanner

Nageldinger, Guido; Flowers, Alan; Schwerdt, Christian; Kelz, Romano

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00629-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The dynamic range of the scanner can be improved by tuning brightness and contrast as described in a reference article [16]. Also the reliability of the radiometric calibration can be improved by calibrating the grey scale wedge and by using the calibrated density values instead of the nominal values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a flatbed scanner for traceable paper area measurement

Kangasrääsiö¹,

Hemming

2009

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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In this note, we describe a method to calibrate a flatbed scanner to perform traceable paper sample area measurements. Also a detailed uncertainty analysis is presented. The achieved relative uncertainty at the 95% confidence level of the area measurement is under 0.1%. Described calibration procedures can also be used in other applications where dimensional measurements are performed with a flatbed scanner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a flatbed scanner for traceable paper area measurement

Kangasrääsiö¹,

Hemming

2009

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…With a microscope the source structure, crystal size and irregularities can be visualized (figure 4(a)). The activity distribution, and thus the homogeneity, can be displayed by making autoradiographs of the source using photographic film, a phosphor screen or a solid track detector (figure 4(b)) [28][29][30][31]. A measure of the self-absorption of the source is given by the variation of the β-efficiency [32] or the peak-shape parameters of an alpha-particle peak [33].…”

Section: Methods To Check and Improve Source Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of radioactive sources for radionuclide metrology

Sibbens¹,

Altzitzoglou²

2007

Metrologia

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The final accuracy of a radioactivity measurement can depend to a high degree on the quality of the radioactive sources used. In this paper the most important source preparation technique for radionuclide metrology is described in detail, namely the quantitative preparation of solid sources by drop deposition. Different steps in this source preparation procedure are described, such as preparation of source supports, preparation of dilutions, quantitative drop deposition by the pycnometer method, mass determination, control and improvement of the source quality and the uncertainty calculations involved. Other source preparation techniques of special interest are briefly mentioned and the handling and storage of solutions and sources are discussed.

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“…The activity distribution of the fallout-contami nated EZ topsoil is normal; with a mean 137Cs specific activity of 107 kBq kg-1 and a standard deviation of 2 %, which is greatly in excess of the statistical counting error 0.4%. A Monte Carlo simulation (Nageldinger et a/., 1998a) for this source-detector geometry has shown that the generated sample activity distributions are normal if the number of hot particles is larger than a certain limit, and assuming the same activity for every hot particle. This limit, in our case, was at ~50 hot particles (Nageldinger et a/., 1998b).…”

Section: Hot-partide Number Activity and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital processing of the exposed film is used to convert the image into a two-dimensional array of greyscale pixels. It is then possible to characterize each pixel with a standardized numerical value of reflection density according to a standard Kodak 20 point grey scale (values 0.0 to 1.9) (Nageldinger et al, 1998a). These reflection densities can then be compared between films.…”

Section: Chernobyl Fallout Hot-particle Characterization Using Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of radioactive ‘hot’ particles in Chernobyl fallout-contaminated soils: the application of two novel approaches

et al. 2003

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The Chernobyl accident in 1986 resulted in the widespread identification of the post-accident presence of radioactive (or ‘hot’) particles across large areas of Eastern and Central Europe. Such particles arise from direct deposition and also from condensation and interactions on particle surfaces during and following the deposition of soluble fallout. Identification of the presence and nature of hot particles is necessary in order to determine the long-term ecological impact of radioactive fallout. This paper describes several techniques for the identification and characterization of hot particles in soil samples from Belarus. In addition to new results from the use of gamma spectrometry, we include two novel instrumentation approaches that have been developed and applied to Chernobyl fallout-contaminated soils. The first, ‘differential’ autoradiography, utilizes a photographic film sandwich to characterize the nature of the ionizing radiation emitted from samples. In this paper we show that differential autoradiography can not only identify hot particle presence in soil, but can also determine the dominant radionuclide in that particle. The second approach, sector field ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS), can provide rapid, high-precision determination of the actinides, including the transuranic actinides, that characteristically occur in hot particles originating from weapons fallout or fuel matrices. Here, ICP-SFMS is shown to yield sufficiently low detection limits for plutonium isotopes (with the exception of 238Pu) to enable us to confirm negligible presence of plutonium in areas outside the Chernobyl exclusion zone, but with high levels of fission-product contamination.

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Autoradiographic film evaluated with desktop scanner

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Calibration of a flatbed scanner for traceable paper area measurement

Calibration of a flatbed scanner for traceable paper area measurement

Preparation of radioactive sources for radionuclide metrology

Identification and characterization of radioactive ‘hot’ particles in Chernobyl fallout-contaminated soils: the application of two novel approaches

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