Autoradiographische Untersuchung �ber die Beteiligung von Gliazellen an der axonalen Reaktion im Facialiskern der Ratte

Kreutzberg, Georg W.

doi:10.1007/bf00686781

Cited by 125 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The cells seem to be activated irrespective of the cause of neural disease and express MHC antigens as indicators of their involvement in the antigen-presentation cascade (Giulian et al, 1993). One example with microglial activation in absence of degeneration is the facial nucleus in rats, which is characterized by a transient microglial response (Kreutzberg, 1966). The present demonstration of microglial response in the contralateral nerve and retina indicates the sensitivity of the cell in sensing alterations in the brain, and that activation of microglial cells is not necessarily associated to the direct degeneration of neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral injury to the adult rat optic nerve causes multiple cellular responses in the contralateral site

et al. 1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral injury to the adult rat optic nerve causes multiple cellular responses in the contralateral site

et al. 1999

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“…Changes in neuronal metabolism have been measured under these circumstances using quantitative techniques of cell biology (Watson, 1965(Watson, , 1966a(Watson, , 1968(Watson, , 1969. Concurrent changes in perineuronal glial cells have been observed histologically (Cammermeyer, 1955;Rapos & Bakos, 1959;Watson, 1965;Kreutzberg, 1966Kreutzberg, , 1967Sjbstrand, 1966;Friede & Johnstone, 1967;Roessmann & Friede, 1968;Adrian, 1969;Adrian & Smothermon, 1970), but are difficult to interpret because of the limited reproducibility of metal impregnation techniques, and because of the problems of classifying glial cells by nuclear morphology when basophilic stains are used, especially when the nuclei are partially obscured in autoradiographs. Neuroglial cells may be isolated from discrete parts of the brain (Sumner & Watson, 1972): this paper reports the application to such cells of quantitative cytochemical methods, and describes changes which occur in the hypoglossal nuclei of the rat after dividing a hypoglossal nerve, or after procedures designed to clarify some mechanisms of the glial cell response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some quantitative observations upon the responses of neuroglial cells which follow axotomy of adjacent neurones

Watson¹

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The dry mass and nucleic acid content of freshly isolated neuroglial cells and of their nucleoli were measured by interference microscopy and ultraviolet absorption microspectrography. The incorporation of tritiated nucleosides and of an amino acid was followed autoradiographically.2. After hypoglossal axotomy in the adult rat hypertrophy of astrocytes of the hypoglossal nucleus occurred in a biphasic manner. The first phase lasted from days 1-10 and was accompanied by a small degree of astrocytic hyperplasia, and the second from days 20-80. Hypertrophy of oligodendrocytes accompanied the second phase of the astrocytic response.3. When severed axons failed to reinnervate denervated muscle, the second phase of the astrocytic response was markedly reduced and the hypertrophy of oligodendrocytes did not occur.4. If the severed axons re-innervated denervated muscle after a controlled delay, the second phase of the astrocytic response and the oligodendroglial hypertrophy was also delayed.5. Injection of botulinum toxin into the tongue caused changes in astrocytes and oligondendrocytes closely resembling those found after axotomy.6. Transient astrocytic hypertrophy occurred in the uninjured right hypoglossal nucleus, and had a different time course to the changes occurring on the injured side.7. The results are discussed in relation to changes in the metabolism and to alterations in the dendritic fields of injured neurones, previously measured in these circumstances.14-2

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“…A response of this nature has been envisaged by Watson (1972) for the glial cells of the central nervous system, some of which similarly show increased activity following axotomy of adjacent neurones. Multiplication of (micro-) glial cells (Kreutzberg, 1966;Sjdstrand 1966) and the formation of intrusions into neuronal cell bodies (Kirkpatrick 1968), in addition to the elaboration of processes which envelop the cell bodies, are typical of early stages of the chromatolytic reaction. Watson (1972) has shown an early metabolic response of astroglial cells in the hypoglossal nucleus following section of the hypoglossal nerve, and reports that this response coincides with the synaptic changes.…”

Section: Margaret R Mattheivs and Victoria H Nelsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detachment of structurally intact nerve endings from chromatolytic neurones of rat superior cervical ganglion during the depression of synaptic transmission induced by post‐ganglionic axotomy.

Matthews¹,

Nelson²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

200

119

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SUMMARY1. Electrophysiological studies showed that injury of post-ganglionic nerve fibres leads to severe and prolonged depression of synaptic transmission through the rat superior cervical ganglion, beginning within 24 h. This is in line with the results of previous studies in other species and upon other neurones.2. Electron microscopy after post-ganglionic axotomy revealed nerve endings of presynaptic type with all the specialized membrane-related features of a synaptic zone, but which were not apposed to any postsynaptic nervous element. These unusual profiles were interpreted as detached presynaptic nerve endings. In normal and control ganglia, such profiles formed at most 05 % of-all vesicle-containing profiles of presynaptic type; in ganglia with all major post-ganglionic branches cut the proportion rose to approximately 7 %, between 3 and 7 d post-operatively.Over this period,' the mean incidence of chromatolytic neurones was 74.6%.3. Concomitantly, the -incidence of synapses within the ganglion fell by about 75 %, reaching its lowest levels between 3 and 7 d post-operatively.There was strikingly little evidence of persistence of post-synaptic membrane specializations ('membrane thickenings') following detachment of synapses. 4. At longer survival intervals the incidence of synapses gradually increased, and that of detached nerve endings gradually decreased; recovery was well advanced by 42 d.5. The fall in the incidence of synapses was closely paralleled by a fall in the incidence of desmosome-like attachments in the ganglion; the * M.R.C. Scholar. 92 MARGARET R. MATTHEWS AND VICTORIA H. NELSON incidence of such attachments was found to be correlated to a significant degree with that of synapses.6. It is concluded that most or all of the synapses upon sympathetic neurones become physically dissociated during the chromatolytic reaction of these neurones to axotomy. The failure to persist of ultrastructurally specialized post-synaptic sites, and the loss of desmosomes (particularly marked for those involving purely post-ganglionic nervous elements) suggest that the post-ganglionic neurone is losing all its specializations for attachment. 7. Some evidence suggests that the satellite cells may effect the final separation between pre-and post-synaptic structures.

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Autoradiographische Untersuchung �ber die Beteiligung von Gliazellen an der axonalen Reaktion im Facialiskern der Ratte

Cited by 125 publications

References 17 publications

Unilateral injury to the adult rat optic nerve causes multiple cellular responses in the contralateral site

Unilateral injury to the adult rat optic nerve causes multiple cellular responses in the contralateral site

Some quantitative observations upon the responses of neuroglial cells which follow axotomy of adjacent neurones

Detachment of structurally intact nerve endings from chromatolytic neurones of rat superior cervical ganglion during the depression of synaptic transmission induced by post‐ganglionic axotomy.

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