Autoregulation of Alimentary and Hepatic Ketogenesis in Sheep

Heitmann, R.N.; Fernandez, J.M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80533-1

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Plasma BHBA is a product of NEFA that is converted into triacylglycerols in the liver [28,29]. In the present study, feeding CDCO significantly influenced plasma BHBA concentration where a slight, but significant increase in BHBA was observed as the level of CDCO increased from low to high (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effect of crude degummed canola oil and ad libitumgrazing on plasma metabolites of primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in a pasture-based system

Otto

Malau‐Aduli

Balogun³

et al. 2014

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe supplementation of fat to lactating dairy cows has long been used as a management tool to increase dietary energy density for improving cow production, reproduction and to alleviate negative energy balance. Attempts have been made to investigate the effect of canola meal on plasma metabolites in lactating cows, but the results have been diverse and inconsistent. To our current knowledge, there is a dearth of published information on the utilization of Crude Degummed Canola Oil (CDCO) in pasture-based dairy systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in plasma metabolite profiles of pasture-based, primiparous, Holstein-Friesian cows supplemented with varying dietary levels of CDCO for eight weeks. The study tested the hypothesis that feeding grazing primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows for eight weeks with incremental levels of CDCO supplement will decrease plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), but increase plasma cholesterol and glucose metabolites.ResultsTwenty lactating primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows 40 days in milk were randomly allotted into four treatment groups that consisted of a wheat-based, pelleted basal diet with no supplemental CDCO (control), basal diet with CDCO added at 25 ml/kgDM (DM; dry matter) (low), 35 ml/kgDM (medium) and 50 ml/kgDM (high) in an eight-week feeding trial, after two weeks of adjustment. Treatment influenced BHBA but had no effect on plasma NEFA, cholesterol and glucose metabolite profiles (P > 0.05). However, week of supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on BHBA, NEFA and glucose concentrations.ConclusionsWe concluded that with the exception of BHBA, CDCO at current levels of supplementation does not alter the plasma metabolite profiles of grazing primiparous cows. The lack of significant differences across treatments seems to indicate that higher levels of CDCO than the current levels used in this study, are probably needed. Furthermore, the duration of supplementation with CDCO had a greater impact on plasma metabolites than the levels of supplementation. Our findings also suggest that primiparous cows grazing high quality pastures during spring have sufficient energy intakes to prevent negative energy balance at 40 days in milk without the need for added fat supplements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effect of crude degummed canola oil and ad libitumgrazing on plasma metabolites of primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in a pasture-based system

Otto

Malau‐Aduli

Balogun³

et al. 2014

BMC Vet Res

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“…The lower concentration of plasma BHBA is probably due to the variation of its sources and the higher energy density of the W20 diet than that of the other diets. The diurnal fluctuations of plasma BHBA showed the reverse trend compared with those of plasma NEFA in our study, and this is partly explained by the fact that plasma BHBA is produced in the liver and in the rumen epithelium [38]. That is, the higher plasma NEFA concentration in the morning hours could enhance the production of BHBA from NEFA in hepatic tissue, so as to compensate for the relatively low production of BHBA by rumen epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp

Guo

Zou

et al. 2013

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA); and 2) evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp (BP) as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17-day periods: 1) total mixed ration (TMR) containing 0% finely ground wheat (FGW) (W0); 2) TMR containing 10% FGW (W10); 3) TMR containing 20% FGW (W20); and 4) TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn (BP10). The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde (MDA), super oxygen dehydrogenises (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.

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“…This release of endogenous insulin can lead to a decline in plasma glucose concentration and reduce hepatic glucose production. The unchanged insulin concentration in response to the BHBA infusion in the present study may be explained by the fact that ketone bodies represent only a modest stimulus on insulin secretion in ruminants (Jordan and Philips, 1978;Heitmann and Fernandez, 1986). Insulin obviously did not play a significant role in mediating the lowering effect of BHBA on plasma glucose concentration in sheep (Schlumbohm and Harmeyer, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…They mentioned that the effect of ketone bodies on endogenous glucose production is probably mediated by insulin. However, in ruminants, the effect of ketone bodies on insulin secretion is not strong (Jordan and Philips, 1978;Heitmann and Fernandez, 1986), and insulin concentration did not change in the current study. Soling and Kleineke (1976) suggested that ketone bodies have a glucose-sparing effect in tissues through the mitochondrial formation of citrate, an allosteric inhibitor, phosphofructo-1,6-kinase, acetyl-CoA inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase and activation of PC.…”

Section: Effects Of Bhba Infusion On Hepatic Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Long-term elevation of β-hydroxybutyrate in dairy cows through infusion: Effects on feed intake, milk production, and metabolism

Zarrin

Matteis

Vernay

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Elevation of ketone bodies in dairy cows frequently occurs in early lactation, usually concomitantly with a lack of energy and glucose. The objective of this study was to induce an elevated plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration over 48 h in mid-lactating dairy cows (i.e., during a period of positive energy balance and normal glucose plasma concentrations). Effects of BHBA infusion on feed intake, metabolism, and performance were investigated. Thirteen cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 infusion groups, including an intravenous infusion with Na-dl-β-OH-butyrate (1.7 mol/L) to achieve a plasma concentration of 1.5 to 2.0 mmol/L of BHBA (HyperB; n = 5), or an infusion of 0.9% saline solution (control; n = 8). Blood was sampled before and hourly during the 48 h of infusion. In the liver, mRNA transcripts related to gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase, glucose 6-phosphatase, mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), phosphofructokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and fatty acid synthesis (acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase) were measured by real-time PCR. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ubiquitin were used as housekeeping genes. Changes (difference between before and after 48-h infusion) during the infusion period were evaluated by ANOVA with treatment as fixed effect, and area under the curve of variables was calculated on the second day of experiment. The plasma BHBA concentration in HyperB cows was 1.74 ± 0.02 mmol/L (mean ± SE) compared with 0.59 ± 0.02 mmol/L for control cows. The change in feed intake, milk yield, and energy corrected milk did not differ between the 2 experimental groups. Infusion of BHBA reduced the plasma glucose concentration (3.47 ± 0.11 mmol/L) in HyperB compared with control cows (4.11 ± 0.08 mmol/L). Plasma glucagon concentration in HyperB was lower than the control group. All other variables measured in plasma were not affected by treatment. In the liver, changes in mRNA abundance for the selected genes were similar between 2 groups. Results demonstrate that intravenous infusion of BHBA decreased plasma glucose concentration in dairy cows, but this decrease could not be explained by alterations in insulin concentrations or key enzymes related to gluconeogenesis. Declined glucose concentration is likely functionally related to decreased plasma glucagon concentration.

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Autoregulation of Alimentary and Hepatic Ketogenesis in Sheep

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of crude degummed canola oil and ad libitumgrazing on plasma metabolites of primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in a pasture-based system

Effect of crude degummed canola oil and ad libitumgrazing on plasma metabolites of primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in a pasture-based system

Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp

Long-term elevation of β-hydroxybutyrate in dairy cows through infusion: Effects on feed intake, milk production, and metabolism

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