Autos, transit and bicycles: Comparing the costs in large Chinese cities

A Transit Technology Selection Model

“…These two recent studies demonstrate the importance of including emissions data in the decision-making tools for LRT and BRT projects. While there has been effort by researchers to quantify and compare the indirect costs of transit emissions in cost models (Keeler and Small 1975;Parajuli and Wirasinghe 2001;Wang 2011;Griswold et al 2013), our model is distinct in that does not attempt to convert the emissions into an annual cost, as this quantification includes additional assumptions for parameters. Rather, we present the annual emissions and allow the decision-maker to determine how influential environmental impact is on the overall transit technology selection.…”

Cycling: Bringing the future into the present

“…Cycling has remained a significant means of travel in China despite policies through the 1990s and early 2000s which either sought to reduce bicycle use (Zacharias, 2002;Haixiao, 2012) or eroded conditions for cyclists (Wang, 2011a;2011b). Bicycles constitute more than 15% of journeys in cities such as Beijing and more than 50% of journeys in cities like Tianjin (Wang, 2011b;Haixiao, 2012).…”

“…Bicycles constitute more than 15% of journeys in cities such as Beijing and more than 50% of journeys in cities like Tianjin (Wang, 2011b;Haixiao, 2012). Perhaps more importantly, changes in central government thinking since 2005 have fostered a reassessment of the role of the bicycle in urban China, facilitating the incorporation of cycling into city planning and the spectacular development of bike-share schemes (Haixiao, 2012, pp.…”

Introducing specific power to bicycles and motorcycles: Application to electric mobility

“…Although still in residual figures compared to other countries, motorcycles are traditionally less energy demanding than conventional light-duty vehicles in an analysis based on energy per passenger kilometer. Furthermore, the use of bicycles is even more gainful as it allows its users to move at significant speeds, for short distances, with no emissions which brings health benefits (Wang, 2011;Lindsay et al, 2011).…”