Auxins and Growth‐Inhibiting Substances in Maize Kernels

Hemberg, Torsten

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1958.tb08466.x

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Yamaki (1950), Jerchel and Müller (1950), Bennet-Clark and Ball (1951), and Bennet-Clark and Kefford (1953) first applied paper chromatography to study auxins in plant material. Many different solvent systems and paper supports were employed and the compatibility of the technique with some colorimetric methods as well as bioassay proved quite useful (Hemberg 1958). One artifact of paper chromatography was due to the popularity of various mixtures of 2-propanol-ammonia-water, which ammonalyzed IAAesters such as IAA-glucose, thus leading to the false identifications in the older literature of indole-3-acetamide in plant materials (Jepson 1958;Zenk 1961).…”

Section: Purification Of Auxins and Their Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical History of Auxin

Tivendale

Cohen

2015

J Plant Growth Regul

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Auxins are a group of naturally occurring phytohormones that have numerous functions in plant growth and development. The identification and quantification of these hormones from plant tissues has a long and varied history, dating back as far as the mid-19th century. The evolution of auxin analysis closely mirrors the evolution of analytical chemistry. However, despite the fact that the methods for auxin determination have evolved since the initial bioassays, few of the techniques developed over the years have been completely abandoned, and many of them are still used in routine auxin analyses today.

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Section: Purification Of Auxins and Their Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical History of Auxin

Tivendale

Cohen

2015

J Plant Growth Regul

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“…The "Z" factor of Robbins (25) and the "blastinin" hormone of Cholodny (10) are other compounds said to originate in the endosperm. The high percentage of bound auxin residual in the resting endosperm of maize (3,4,7,13,14), and the increasing discoveries of gibberellin-like substances in the seeds of higher plants (22,24) also have made the contribution by the endosperm to the growth of the axis seemingly more complex than merely that of a sugar and inorganic ion source. Furthermore, Nason (19) found that the rate and extent of niacin accumulation in intact maize embryos were three times as great as that of excised embryos after 10 days of germination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gross Nutritional Contributions of Maize Endosperm and Scutellum to Germination Growth of Maize Axis

Dure¹

1960

Plant Physiol.

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In 1890 Brown and Morris (8) showed that starch paste, when applied to the absorbing surface of the scutellum, could replace the endosperm during the germination of barley embryos. Andronescu (2) first demonstrated that the maize embryo (axis & scutellum) could develop into a normal plant when separated from its endosperm and supplied with sucrose. Most investigators, however, have emphasized the endosperm as a source of growth factors, either essential or stimulatory to the germination of the axis, rather than as a tissue serving singularly as a source of sugars and inorganic ions. Schander (26) considered the aleurone layer of the maize endosperm to be the source of an accelerator which is absorbed by the scutellum during germination. DeRopp (i l) found that embryos which were allowed to remain in the intact grain during the early stages of germination exhibited more vigorous growth after excision than did embryos removed from the dry rye seed. He also interpreted this as due to the absorption by the scutellum early in germination of a growth factor from the endosperm. The "Z" factor of Robbins (25) and the "blastinin" hormone of Cholodny (10) are other compounds said to originate in the endosperm. The high percentage of bound auxin residual in the resting endosperm of maize (3,4,7,13,14), and the increasing discoveries of gibberellin-like substances in the seeds of higher plants (22,24) also have made the contribution by the endosperm to the growth of the axis seemingly more complex than merely that of a sugar and inorganic ion source. Furthermore, Nason (19) found that the rate and extent of niacin accumulation in intact maize embryos were three times as great as that of excised embryos after 10 days of germination. His data suggest that this is related to the absorption of tryptophan from the endosperm rather than to the absorption of niacin itself.The extent to which the scutellum can provide nutrition to the axis has received little attention, although it has been shown that lipids are rapidly lost from the maize scutellum during germination (18). 'Received May 9, 1960. 2 Research supported by National Science Foundation under NSF grant G6076.3 Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens.The object of this research was to determine the relative nutritional contributions of the scutellum and the endosperm of the maize kernel to the growth of the axis during germination. METHODS AND MATERIALSThe material used was a non-waxy, inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line T854, secured from the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. The endosperm of this line contain 85 % carbohydrate and 10 % protein on a dry weight basis (12). Oil is present in trace amounts in the aleurone layer, demonstratable by staining with Sudan IV. The predominate carbohydrates found in non-waxy maize endosperm during germination are starch, maltose, dextrins of various chain lengths, and a trace of glucose (29,6). Amylose comprises about 25 % of the starch of non-waxy maize endosperm and the remainder is...

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“…The substance f was partially con verted to g whilst e was readily converted into f and g. All three substances gave a positive reaction with Ehrlich's reagent. The compound f was shown by chromatography to be tryptamine [Hemberg (86)]. Similarly, the four growth substances extracted from pea roots also exhibited spontaneous that auxins detected at the IAA position on chromatograms should be sub jected to further decisive experiments.…”

Section: Unidentified Indole Auxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, tryptophan occurs in potato (197), lupin (140), strawberry (138), barley (154), Brussels sprouts (107), tomato (220), and in other plants where its level appears adequate for IAA production (191). Tryptamine has been isolated from Acacia (221), and has been de tected in tomato (219, 220) and maize (86). The indole auxin precursor ascorbigen (or a bound form of ascorbic acid) has been extracted from various Brassicae (71,107,111,127,144,158,159,172,182,209), Citrus (7) and members of the family Papilionaceae (10).…”

Section: Auxins In Normal Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole Auxins

Fawcett¹

1961

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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Auxins and Growth‐Inhibiting Substances in Maize Kernels

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Analytical History of Auxin

Analytical History of Auxin

Gross Nutritional Contributions of Maize Endosperm and Scutellum to Germination Growth of Maize Axis

Indole Auxins

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