Availability and Readability of Spinal Cord Injury Online Information Materials for Spanish Speaking Population in Neurosurgical Academic Programs: A Nationwide Study

Abstract

Background: Recent publications have demonstrated that information has been transmitted inappropriately to the lay person in different pathologies. This limitation is also observed in Spanish language. We evaluate the availability and readability of online patient education material (PEM) on spinal cord injury (SCI) information for the Spanishspeaking population from academic neurosurgery residency programs in the United States.Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of online SCI PEM from neurosurgical residency programs websites. We assess the availability of information in Spanish using a modification of a previously published classification. To assess accessibility, we calculated the time spent and the number of clicks to find the information in Spanish. We calculated the readability of the material using the ''Indice Flesch-Szigriszt'' (INFLESZ), which determines the difficulty of readability of health-related material in Spanish.Results: A total of 116 accredited neurosurgery residency programs comprised our cohort. Ten (9%) programs had available ''mirrored'' information in Spanish from its original version in English, 9 (8.1%) used a translation software, 79 (71.2%) provide interpreter services, and 3 (2%) did not have written information or information about translation services. A mean of 72.9 seconds (SD þ/À 71.2) were required to have access to the Spanish information or contact information for translation services. Twelve (57.1%) websites with written Spanish information had an INFLESZ score above 55.00, which translates as an appropriate readability level for the general population.Conclusions: More than half of the academic neurosurgery programs or affiliated hospital websites do not provide written informative material about SCI in Spanish. When available, the information is not always transmitted with a level of readability appropriate for the layperson. Most of the websites provide translation or interpreter services that are not directly related to SCI.

Toward Language Justice in Environmental Health Sciences in the United States: A Case for Spanish as a Language of Science

“… 3 The lack of high-quality science communication in Spanish has consequences for health because gaps in health literacy are critical factors contributing to health disparities. 32 – 36 To work toward health equity and language justice, researchers and scientific institutions need to create inclusive multilingual spaces. 20 …”