The water parameters of Erin-Ijesa waterfalls and the abundance of Caridina africana were studied for two consecutive seasons. Water and prawn sampling were carried out bi-weekly. Prawns were collected with scoop and hand nets. Transported to the laboratory for examination for further analysis.. the physicochemical parameters of the water sample collected were determined using standard methods, the following parameters were determined; temperature (°C), conductivity (μohms/cm), pH, alkalinity, Population index of the prawns such as frequency of occurrence, relative abundance, sex ratio, male:female ratio, index of occurrence were determined. Prawn number, sex and age were more during the wet season with a peak in August. Both adults and juveniles showed a progressive increase from November to August. The results shows that average water Temperature was 27.77 ± 2.27°C, Transparency 1.71±0.39m, Depth 1.43±0.22m, Dissolved Oxygen 6.21±0.77mg/l, pH 7.25±0.68, Alkalinity 136.62±41.6mg/l, Total Dissolved Solid 402.13±253.25mg/l, Conductivity 83.40±1.86µohms/cm, Nitrate 4.76±0.76mg/l and phosphate 0.28±0.05mg/l. Erin-Ijesa waterfalls exhibited features that are typical of tropical environment, which fell within a range that can support aquatic life. High value in Condition factor for C. africana revealed the adaptability and total well being of the specie despite the unstable nature of the waterfalls.