Availability of Dietary Zinc Sources and Effects on Performance of Pacific White Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>(Boone)

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to inorganic or chelated sources of dietary zinc. Two sets of diets, one supplemented with zinc from zinc sulfate (55, 80, 116, 168, 243 and 363 ppm zinc) and the other with zinc from a chelated source (methionine hydroxy analog chelate; 39, 52, 65, 78 and 104 ppm zinc) were fed to replicate groups of juvenile shrimp (N = 8; 0.4 g initial weight) for 6 wk. All experimental diets contained 1.38% phytic acid reflecting levels in typical commercial feeds. Final weight, growth rate and biomass of shrimp fed zinc sulfate supplemented diets (243 and 363 ppm total zinc) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in shrimp fed the base diet. In contrast, performance of shrimp fed the chelated source of zinc was significantly higher than shrimp in the control group at much lower levels of supplementation (65 and 78 ppm total zinc). Results indicate that shrimp required 3-4 times more dietary zinc from zinc sulfate than zinc from a chelated source to promote comparable growth when fed diets containing phytic acid. The chelate tested proved to be a safe, effective and available source of zinc for the Pacific white shrimp.

The Assessment of Dietary Organic Zinc on Zinc Homeostasis, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, Glycolysis and Intestinal Microbiota in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)

“…It is known that plant-based ingredients contain antinutritional factors that reduce the bioavailability of minerals [ 9 , 10 ]; for example, phytate is easily chelated to Zn 2+ , forming stable chelates that are not absorbed intestinally [ 3 , 9 ]. Thus, overdosage of zinc addition is common in aquafeeds [ 11 , 12 ], which increases the risk of water pollution in intensive aquaculture zones and their surroundings. On the other hand, sulfate salts are a common type of inorganic mineral (e.g., ZnSO 4 , CuSO 4 , MnSO 4 ) in feed addition [ 13 ].…”

Efficacy of various coated materials to prevent nutrient leaching for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei commercial diets

“…Gelatin has previously been used to act as a barrier to water and oxygen to extend the shelf life of various meat products because of its unique physical and chemical characteristics, which can reduce exudates and lipid oxidation (Antoniewski, Barringer, Knipe, & Zerby, 2007; Ou, Tsay, Lai, & Weng, 2002). Gelatin has been utilized in purified or practical experimental diets as a coating agent for amino acids and as a binding agent to increase plasticity and in theory reduce the leaching of some nutrients in fish or shrimp diets (Bharadwaj, Patnaik, Browdy, & Lawrence, 2017; Niu, Chang, & Jia, 2015). Food grade paraffin is a popular coating agent for various fruits and vegetables to reduce gas exchange with the atmosphere.…”