Availability of essential medicines in public hospitals: A study of selected public hospitals in Nakuru County, Kenya

Wangu, Mwathi Martha; Osuga, Ben

doi:10.5897/ajpp2014.4000

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The barriers related to other stakeholders’ knowledge and skills reported include inadequate training on rational use of medicines 90, 91 , inadequate knowledge of health commodities and financial reports amongst health facility and governing committee members 92 , unequal access to information on medical products to all stakeholders 88 , and variation in the knowledge of child-appropriate dosage formulations among stakeholders 46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review

Nyanchoka

Mulaku

Nyagol

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The World Health Organization (WHO) model list of Essential In vitro Diagnostic (EDL) introduced in 2018 complements the established Essential Medicines List (EML) and improves its impact on advancing universal health coverage and better health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on the implementation of the WHO essential lists in Africa to inform the implementation of the recently introduced EDL. Methods We searched eight electronic databases for studies reporting on the implementation of the WHO EDL and EML in Africa. Two authors independently conducted study selection and data extraction, with disagreements resolved through discussion. We used the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence (SURE) framework to extract themes and synthesized findings using thematic content analysis. We used the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 to assess the quality of included studies where applicable. Results We included 172 studies reporting on EDL and EML after screening 3,813 articles titles and abstracts and 1,545 full-text papers. Most (75%, n=129) included studies were purely quantitative in design comprising descriptive cross-sectional designs (60%, n=104), 15% (n=26) were purely qualitative, and 10% (n=17) had mixed-methods approaches. There were no qualitative or randomised experimental studies about the EDL. The main barrier facing the EML and EDL was poorly equipped health facilities - including unavailability or stock-outs of essential in vitro diagnostics and medicines and inadequate infrastructure to enable health service delivery. Financial and non-financial incentives to health facilities and workers were a key enabler to the implementation of the EML however, their impact differed from one context to another. Fifty-six (33%) of the included studies were of high quality. Conclusions The EDL implementation at the national level can learn from health system interventions to improve the availability and supply of essential medicines such as financial and non-financial incentives in different contexts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review

Nyanchoka

Mulaku

Nyagol

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This compares well with a study by Mwathi and Osuga which found out that there was a significant relationship between funding and availability of medicines. Inadequate funding was the most strongly cited (57.9%) factor that caused unavailability of essential medicines in public hospitals [17] . Funding is very necessary in acquiring any property and therefore lack of it means acquisition of the said property will not be possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of health care financing on availability of medicines in public health facilities in Bungoma County, Kenya

Barasa¹,

Cholo²,

Oluchina³

2020

IJSRP

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Availability of medicines is an important aspect in health care provision. Many countries however, are still battling with the problem of stock outs of essential medicines to an extent that patients go without appropriate treatment. This research sought to determine the influence of health care financing on availability of medicines. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. All the nine sub county hospitals in Bungoma County were sampled. Census sampling was done to sample sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers and health administrative officers. Four officers were sampled in each sub county, making a total of 36 respondents for the study. Additionally, the head of procurement department in the county, the chief officer for health and sanitation and the county pharmacist were sampled, hence a total of 39 respondents. Semi structured questionnaires; in-depth interview guides and a checklist were data collection tools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics appropriately then presented in tables. Data of qualitative nature was reported in narrative form. The overall percentage availability of medicines in the county was at 63.35% while the mean stock out period was 51.30 days in a 90 days review period. The key financing challenges identified were allocation of inadequate funds for medicines and irrational budgeting which contributed to the low medicines availability. The total allocation for health care was about Kshs 2.6 Billion, out of which only Ksh 120 million (4.6%) was for medicines. A budgetary deficit of between 30 to 40% was reported in more than half of the health facilities. 90.6% of respondents agreed that inadequate funding was the main reason for stock out of medicines. 71.9% of respondents further strongly agreed that allocation of funds for medicines should be as per the quantification needs to curb this problem.

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“…The most prominent theme in this domain was the stakeholder's knowledge and skills to facilitate the implementation of EML. The common barriers reported include inadequate training on rational use of medicines [135,136], inadequate understanding of health commodities and financial reports amongst health facility and governing committee members [89], unequal access to information on medical products to all stakeholders [98], and variation in the knowledge of child-appropriate dosage formulations among stakeholders [50].…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review

Nyanchoka

Mulaku²,

Nyagol³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The World Health Organization (WHO) model list of Essential In vitro Diagnostic (EDL) introduced in 2018 complements the established Essential Medicines List (EML) and improves its impact on advancing universal health coverage and better health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on implementing the WHO essential lists in Africa to inform the implementation of the recently introduced EDL. We searched eight electronic databases for studies reporting on implementing the WHO EDL and EML in Africa. Two authors independently conducted study selection and data extraction, with disagreements resolved through discussion. We used the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence (SURE) framework to extract themes and synthesised findings using thematic content analysis. We used the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 to assess the quality of included studies. We included 172 studies reporting on EDL and EML after screening 3,813 articles titles and abstracts and 1,545 full-text papers. Most (75%, n = 129) studies were purely quantitative in design, comprising descriptive cross-sectional designs (60%, n = 104), 15% (n = 26) were purely qualitative, and 10% (n = 17) had mixed-methods approaches. There were no qualitative or randomised experimental studies about EDL. The main barrier facing the EML and EDL was poorly equipped health facilities—including unavailability or stock-outs of essential in vitro diagnostics and medicines. Financial and non-financial incentives to health facilities and workers were key enablers in implementing the EML; however, their impact differed from one context to another. Only fifty-six (33%) of the included studies were of high quality. Poorly equipped and stocked health facilities remain an implementation barrier to essential diagnostics and medicines. Health system interventions such as financial and non-financial incentives to improve their availability can be applied in different contexts. More implementation study designs, such as experimental and qualitative studies, are required to evaluate the effectiveness of essential lists.

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Availability of essential medicines in public hospitals: A study of selected public hospitals in Nakuru County, Kenya

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review

Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review

Influence of health care financing on availability of medicines in public health facilities in Bungoma County, Kenya

Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review

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