Availability of mental health service providers and suicide rates in Slovenia: a nationwide ecological study

Jagodič, Helena Korošec; Rokavec, Tatjana; Agius, Mark; Pregelj, Peter

doi:10.3325/cmj.2013.54.444

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Recently, this observation was corroborated by the main finding of a nationwide ecology study about the availability of mental health service providers and suicide rates in Slovenia (Korošec Jagodič et al, 2013). The study showed that regional differences might be influenced by unequal availability of mental health services and the efficiency of depressive disorder treatment.…”

Section: Graph 1 Standardised Suicide Rates In Slovenia Between 1985 mentioning

confidence: 66%

Listening to a Silent Crisis: Men’s Suicide in Rural and Farming Communities in Slovenia

Roy

Hočevar

2019

RSP

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The rate of suicide remains high in Slovenia, particularly in rural settings and among farmers. As is the case with many issues faced by rural people, few social responses are developed in terms of political action, health and social services and research. In this article, the severity of farmers' suicide in Slovenia is detailed and analysed as a social problem based on the following criteria: first, the scope of the situation is considered worrying and unequal; second, normative structures are abnormally or harmfully connected to the situation; third, there is a will and a power to transform the situation because it is found unacceptable according to social ethics and values; and fourth, the implementation of social responses such as intervention programmes and collective actions. This framework enables to highlight the importance of gender (masculinities), location (rural settings), local culture (agrarian values) and occupation (farming). Priority for future policies, practice and research should focus on these social determinants of health and wellbeing in support of farming people, communities and associations.

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Section: Graph 1 Standardised Suicide Rates In Slovenia Between 1985 mentioning

confidence: 66%

Listening to a Silent Crisis: Men’s Suicide in Rural and Farming Communities in Slovenia

Roy

Hočevar

2019

RSP

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“…Moreover, the importance of crisis intervention for help-seeking individuals has been demonstrated in two East-European countries, where a reverse correlation between suicide rates and the number of physicians was present [ 208 , 209 ]. This changed with an increasing number of health care professionals and an increasing treatment rate of depression.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective

Bachmann

2018

IJERPH

1,025

646

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Suicide is a worldwide phenomenon. This review is based on a literature search of the World Health Organization (WHO) databases and PubMed. According to the WHO, in 2015, about 800,000 suicides were documented worldwide, and globally 78% of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, suicides account for 1.4% of premature deaths worldwide. Differences arise between regions and countries with respect to the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of the individual and the respective country, method of suicide, and access to health care. During the second and third decades of life, suicide is the second leading cause of death. Completed suicides are three times more common in males than females; for suicide attempts, an inverse ratio can be found. Suicide attempts are up to 30 times more common compared to suicides; they are however important predictors of repeated attempts as well as completed suicides. Overall, suicide rates vary among the sexes and across lifetimes, whereas methods differ according to countries. The most commonly used methods are hanging, self-poisoning with pesticides, and use of firearms. The majority of suicides worldwide are related to psychiatric diseases. Among those, depression, substance use, and psychosis constitute the most relevant risk factors, but also anxiety, personality-, eating- and trauma-related disorders as well as organic mental disorders significantly add to unnatural causes of death compared to the general population. Overall, the matter at hand is relatively complex and a significant amount of underreporting is likely to be present. Nevertheless, suicides can, at least partially, be prevented by restricting access to means of suicide, by training primary care physicians and health workers to identify people at risk as well as to assess and manage respective crises, provide adequate follow-up care and address the way this is reported by the media. Suicidality represents a major societal and health care problem; it thus should be given a high priority in many realms.

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“…Čeprav naredi samomor skoraj ena četrtina manj Slovencev kot na primer še pred dvema desetletjema, od leta 2010 v Sloveniji po podatkih Inštituta za varovanje zdravja (2011) ponovno beležimo porast števila samomorov. Domači in tuji strokovnjaki ta porast pripisujejo neugodnim družbenim razmeram in padcu življenjskega standarda zaradi gospodarske krize, ki je zajela svet v zadnjih nekaj letih (Groleger, 2009;Stuckler, et al, 2009;Karanikolos, et al, 2013;McDaid, et al, 2013;Korošec Jagodic, et al, 2013;Pompili, et al, 2014). Po podatkih v Sloveniji tako v zadnjem času zaradi samomora letno umre približno 436 prebivalcev, od tega 347 moških in 89 žensk, njihova starost pa je v povprečju 57 let (Kalin, 2012).…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…While almost 25 % fewer Slovenes committed suicide than even two decades ago, Slovenia has recorded an increase in the number of suicides since 2010 according to data compiled by the Institute of Public Health (2011). Domestic and foreign experts have attributed this increase to the unfavourable social situation and the decline in the standard of living due to the economic crisis that has engulfed the world in recent years (Groleger, 2009;Stuckler, et al, 2009;Pompili, et al, 2014;Karanikolos, et al, 2013;McDaid, et al, 2013;Korošec Jagodic, et al, 2013). According to the statistics, 436 inhabitants of Slovenia die of suicide every year, of whom 347 are male and 89 are female, with the average age being 57 years (Kalin, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the attitudes of paramedics towards suicidal patients

Rant¹,

Bregar²

2014

Obzor Zdrav Neg

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Introduction: Since it is almost impossible to identify every suicidal person, the timely intervention of an emergency medical team is of the most importance for preventing suicide attempts. Yet its success depends not only on timely help, but also on the treatment of the suicidal individual, the quality of which is to a large degree determined by the attitudes of the paramedics to the suicide. Hence, this article addresses the issue of how Slovenian paramedics experience suicidal patients, or in other words, what their attitudes to suicidal patients are when treating them. Methods: This study is based on a descriptive qualitative method of empirical research, in which inductive analysis has been used. To collect the empirical material, semi-structured interviews with ten paramedics were conducted between December 2012 and January 2013. Results: Despite their professional conduct in working with suicidal patients, Slovenian paramedics often experience various unpleasant emotions while treating them. Although they show understanding, the paramedics are often caught in dilemma while treating suicidal patients, especially those that refuse help or are aggressive. During the treatment, the paramedics act according to their subjective risk assessment and previous work experience, yet they lack the expertise to work with suicidal patients, particularly communication skills. Discussion and conclusion: The attitude of the participants to suicidal patients is based primarily on the emotional aspect of their work. The research showed that a negative attitude may appear, but is not permanent. It appears only in certain conditions when caring for patients who are aggressive or threaten others and when the participants have not received help from other services.

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Availability of mental health service providers and suicide rates in Slovenia: a nationwide ecological study

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Listening to a Silent Crisis: Men’s Suicide in Rural and Farming Communities in Slovenia

Listening to a Silent Crisis: Men’s Suicide in Rural and Farming Communities in Slovenia

Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective

Understanding the attitudes of paramedics towards suicidal patients

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