Emergent aquatic
insects are important food subsidies to riparian
food webs but can also transfer waterborne contaminants to the terrestrial
environment. This study aimed to quantitatively assess this biodriven
transfer for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Aquatic insect
larvae, emergent aquatic insects, terrestrial consumers, sediment,
and water were collected from a contaminated lake and stream and an
uncontaminated pond, and analyzed for PFAS and stable isotopes of
carbon and nitrogen. Top predators in this study were spiders, which
showed the highest average ∑
24
PFAS concentration
of 1400 ± 80 ng g
–1
dry weight (dw) at the
lake and 630 ng g
–1
dw at the stream. The transfer
of PFAS from the lake to the riparian zone, via deposition of emergent
aquatic insects, was 280 ng ∑
24
PFAS m
–2
d
–1
in 2017 and only 23 ng ∑
24
PFAS m
–2
d
–1
in 2018. Because
of higher production of emergent aquatic insects, the lake had higher
PFAS transfer and higher concentrations in terrestrial consumers compared
to the stream, despite the stream having higher PFAS concentration
in water and aquatic insect larvae. Our results indicate that biodriven
transfer of PFAS from the aquatic systems and subsequent uptake in
terrestrial food webs depend more on emergence amounts, i.e., aquatic
prey availability, rather than on PFAS concentrations in water and
aquatic prey.