Availability of substances for use in personal vaporisers on three online cryptomarkets

Lim, Carmen C W; Leung, Janni; Connor, Jason P.; Hall, Wayne; Gartner, Coral; Cheng, Brandon; Scheurer, Roman; Sun, Tianze; Chan, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108254

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar to other studies, cannabis was the most commonly vaped non-nicotine drug with 11.3% of total respondents having ever vaped a cannabis product, however just over a quarter of respondents had only ever vaped a product containing CBD which, at the time of the survey, was legal to purchase and consume in the UK 3 24. This underscores vaping should routinely be enquired about as a potential method of administration among cannabis users, and any future work on understanding relative cannabis-related harms should include vaping when considering routes of administration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesElectronic vaping devices are being used to consume nicotine and non-nicotine psychoactive drugs. We aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of using vaping devices for nicotine and/or non-nicotine drug administration in the United Kingdom and how these differ by drug type and individual sociodemographic characteristics. We explored reasons for vaping onset and continuation.DesignAn online cross-sectional surveyParticipantsA convenience sample of adults (aged ≥18 years) in the UK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was prevalence of current use (within the last 30 days) of a vaping device to administer either nicotine or 18 types of non-nicotine drugs. We additionally evaluated reasons for onset and continuation of vaping. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the UK general population using census data and those vaping non-nicotine drugs.ResultsWe recruited 4027 participants of whom 1637 (40.7%) had ever used an electronic vaping device; 1495 (37.1%) had ever vaped nicotine and 593 (14.7%) had ever vaped a non-nicotine drug. Overall, 574 (14.3%) currently vaped nicotine and 74 (1.8%) currently vaped a non-nicotine drug. The most common currently vaped non-nicotine drug was cannabis (n=58, 1.4%). For nicotine, people’s modal reasons to start and continue vaping was to quit smoking tobacco. For almost all other drugs, people’s modal reason to start vaping was curiosity and to continue was enjoyment. Compared with the general population, the population who had ever vaped a non-nicotine drug were significantly younger, had more disabilities and fewer identified as white, female, heterosexual or religious.ConclusionsA non-trivial number of people report current use and ever use of an electronic vaping device for non-nicotine drug administration. As vaping technology advances and drug consumption changes, understanding patterns of use and associated behaviours are likely to be increasingly important to both users and healthcare professionals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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“…The typical THC concentration sold in licensed retail stores for oils is approximately 70.3% compared with the 21.4% concentration in herbal cannabis . The ready accessibility of non–age-restricted video tutorials on how to vape cannabis products may also facilitate adolescent experimentation with cannabis …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Vaping products were originally designed to deliver nicotine via vapor as a substitute for tobacco cigarettes. More recently, they have been used to deliver psychoactive substances, such as cannabis and its derivatives . Cannabis vaping involves the use of vaporizers to heat dried cannabis herb or cannabis oil to a temperature that releases Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol into vapor for inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Adolescent Cannabis Vaping

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEVaping products were initially designed to deliver nicotine as a tobacco cigarette substitute (eg, electronic cigarettes) but are now frequently used to deliver psychoactive substances, such as cannabis and its derivatives. Large, nationally representative surveys, such as Monitoring the Future, found that approximately 1 in 3 grade-12 students vaped cannabis in 2018 alone.OBJECTIVE To summarize the findings of epidemiological studies that reported the global prevalence of cannabis vaping in adolescents by survey year and school grades.

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“…Canada legalized cannabis for non-medical use in October 2018 but Canadian adults were only able to access cannabis extracts and edibles a year later (i.e., October 2019). The widespread availability of highly potent products from licit sources (clearnet [ 31 ]) and retail stores [ 32 ]) and the darknet [ 33 ] suggests a need to monitor the changing profile and nature of cannabis vaping at a population level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Socio-Demographic Differences of Cannabis Vaping in the USA and Canada

Lim

Chan

Wadsworth

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Given the rise in cannabis vaping, it is important to highlight the heterogeneity in vaping different cannabis product because of the potential differences in their health risks. This study aims to estimate the trends and socio-demographic correlates of the use of various cannabis vaping products across jurisdiction with different legal status. Data from the 2018 (n = 27,169) and 2019 (n = 47,747) waves of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS) were used. Respondents aged 16–65 completed web-based surveys. In 2019, proportions of past year vaping of cannabis oil, dried flower and concentrates in the overall sample were highest in U.S. jurisdictions where cannabis was legalized for non-medical use (17.4%, 6.0%, 4.9%), followed by U.S. jurisdiction where non-medical cannabis use is illegal (13.7%, 5.8%, 2.9%), and lowest in Canada (8.1%, 4.4%, 2.1%). Vaping dried flower decreased from 2019 to 2018 in U.S. legal jurisdictions and Canada, while vaping cannabis oil and concentrates increased in all jurisdictions (p < 0.001). The odds of vaping all forms of products were higher among younger respondents (16–55 years), males, respondents with some college education, and persons with low-risk perceptions on daily cannabis vaping. In both ICPS surveys (2018 and 2019), cannabis oil was the most frequently vaped products, followed by dried flower, and concentrates. Detailed measures of product forms for cannabis vaping should be considered in future surveys.

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Availability of substances for use in personal vaporisers on three online cryptomarkets

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study

Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of Adolescent Cannabis Vaping

Trends and Socio-Demographic Differences of Cannabis Vaping in the USA and Canada

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