Available for millions of years but discovered through the last decade: Insects as a source of nutrients and energy in animal diets

Kierończyk, Bartosz; Rawski, Mateusz; Mikołajczak, Zuzanna; Homska, Natalia; Jankowski, Jan; Ognik, Katarzyna; Józefiak, Agata; Mazurkiewicz, Jan; Józefiak, Damian

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.015

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…The use of insects as an alternative protein or energy source in poultry nutrition has been frequently studied, mostly with satisfactory results [ 1 , 2 ]. Under experimental conditions, mainly full-fat or defatted insect meals are provided in animal diets, overlooking that the lipid content is the second most abundant nutrient in the invertebrate body, reaching up to 47% on a dry matter (DM) basis [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, nutrient digestibility coefficients are not decreased with dietary insect fat use because of the high lipase and amylase activity in the duodenum [ 4 ]. Furthermore, it is well documented that BSF larvae fat not only provides energy but may also be considered a functional feed material [ 1 , 11 ]. In particular, the high concentration of lauric acid as a predominant medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) in BSF may positively affect the microbiota microecosystem of the birds’ gastrointestinal tract [ 4 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the high concentration of lauric acid as a predominant medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) in BSF may positively affect the microbiota microecosystem of the birds’ gastrointestinal tract [ 4 , 12 , 13 ]. Furthermore, an indirect effect on immune system support can be observed [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Chicken Diets Affects Breast Meat Quality

Kierończyk

Rawski

Mikołajczak

et al. 2023

Animals

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This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effect of black soldier fly (BFL) larvae fat inclusion in broiler chicken diets on breast meat quality. Four hundred 1-day-old male birds (Ross 308) were assigned to the following four treatments (10 replicates with 10 birds each): HI0, a basal diet without dietary fat inclusion, and HI03, HI06, and HI09, basal diets enriched with 30 g/kg, 60 g/kg, and 90 g/kg of BSF larvae fat, respectively. Principal component analysis showed noticeable differentiation between the selected plant, animal, and insect-origin dietary fats. The BSF fat exhibits a strong relationship with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), resulting in a high concentration of C12:0 and C14:0. The fatty acid (FA) profile in breast muscle obtained from broilers fed diets with increasing insect fat inclusion showed a significant linear effect in terms of C12:0, C15:0, C18:2, C18:3n6, and total FAs. The proportion of dietary insect fat had a quadratic effect on meat color. The water-holding capacity indices have stayed consistent with the meat color changes. Throughout the experiment, favorable growth performance results were noticed in HI06. The present study confirmed that BSF larvae fat negatively affects the n3 level in meat. However, the physicochemical indices related to consumer acceptance were not altered to negatively limit their final decision, even when a relatively high inclusion of insect fat was used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Chicken Diets Affects Breast Meat Quality

Kierończyk

Rawski

Mikołajczak

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…In this study, these two combinations demonstrated improvements in growth performance and feed efficiency. Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, it may have exerted an effect because of the unique properties of the diet in not only providing an excellent source of protein, essential amino acids, and energy but also providing several active compounds [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. Supplementation positively enhanced the overall growth performance and health benefits for the weaned pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To curb the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance, the bioactive properties of black soldier fly larva full-fat meal (BSFL) and multi-strain probiotics (i.e., Bacillus subtilis , B. licheniformis , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) have been suggested as effective alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. The BSFL is an attractive protein source for monogastric animals, especially because of its high crude protein content (40.11 ± 7.1%), ether extract (32.54 ± 11.2%), essential amino acid content (0.7 ± 0.4% methionine, 2.3 ± 0.9% lysine, and 1.8 ± 1.2% arginine), and lauric acid content (64 ± 7.8%) [ 2 – 5 ]. BSFL-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and chitin also inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria and activate immunity [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation with full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae and multi-probiotics, as a substitute for antibiotics, improves the growth performance, gut health, and antioxidative capacity of weaned pigs

et al. 2023

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Background Dietary supplementation of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL full-fat meal; alone or in combination with multi-probiotics) was tested as an alternative to dietary antibiotics in weaning piglets. We also tested the effects of these diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility coefficients, immune status, oxidative stress, intestinal histomorphology, and rectal microbial modulations in weaned pigs. A total of 80 piglets [(Landrace × Large White) × Duroc] of both sexes (a ratio of gilts and barrows; 1:1), were randomly allotted to four diet groups: positive control (PC) diet supplemented with 0.02% amoxicillin; negative control (NC) diet without supplement addition; BSFL12 diet (NC + 12% BSFL full-fat meal); and BSFL + Pro diet (BSFL full-fat meal + 0.1% multi-probiotics, including Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). All groups had five replicates, with four piglets per replicate. Results Dietary BSFL + Pro improved the overall average daily gain (P = 0.013), and gain-to-feed ratio (P = 0.032). The BSFL12 and BSFL + Pro diets improved nutrient digestibility and increased the serum levels of immunoglobulin A and glutathione peroxidase, while reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The spleen weight was higher and caecal pH was lower in pigs fed the BSFL + Pro diet than in those fed the NC diet (P = 0.011 and P = 0.021, respectively). Pigs fed the BSFL diets had longer duodenal villi, a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P = 0.004), and shorter crypt depth (P = 0.017) than those fed NC. The BSFL + Pro diet also increased faecal Lactobacillus spp. count (P = 0.008) and reduced Escherichia coli (P = 0.021) counts compared with that seen with PC and NC diets, respectively. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with BSFL or BSFL + multi-probiotics can improve the growth performance and intestinal health of pigs and may be an effective strategy to replace antibiotics for weaned pigs.

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The problems and prospects of developing food products from high-protein raw materials

Bychkova,

Rozhdestvenskaya,

Podgorbunskikh

et al. 2023

Food Bioscience

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Available for millions of years but discovered through the last decade: Insects as a source of nutrients and energy in animal diets

Cited by 21 publications

References 169 publications

Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Chicken Diets Affects Breast Meat Quality

Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Chicken Diets Affects Breast Meat Quality

Dietary supplementation with full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae and multi-probiotics, as a substitute for antibiotics, improves the growth performance, gut health, and antioxidative capacity of weaned pigs

The problems and prospects of developing food products from high-protein raw materials

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