Available Transfer Capability Calculation

Voltage Security-Constrained Optimal Generation Rescheduling for Available Transfer Capacity Enhancement in Deregulated Electricity Markets

“…This index is often referred to as the power transfer distribution factor, PTDF. It can either be calculated approximately by using DC power flow as DCPTDF or more accurately using the AC power flow as ACPTDF [22,23]. In this work, the calculation of the ATC for strategic inter-area bilateral transactions is assessed using the voltage stability-based AC-OPF approach.…”

“…The sensitivity coefficients in Equations (5) and (6) are obtained from the partial derivative of Equation (4) as defined below [23]:…”

“…The critical transactions, corresponding ATC limiting lines, CBI and CBI limiting line are presented in Table 5. The most critical transactions is T32 (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) with the least ATC value of 0.0099 MW, the ATC limiting line is L62 (B48-B49), and the minimum CBI value is 0.1136 pu (11.36 MW) for the CBI limiting line L36 (B24-B25). The optimization procedure is initiated for the simultaneous maximization of the least ATC and least CBI using the weighted sum approach using TVAC-PSO and the convergence characteristics is shown in Figure 8.…”