Avaliação da Qualidade da Água e da Eficácia de Barreiras Sanitárias em Sistemas para Aproveitamento de Águas de Chuva

Proposal of rainwater harvesting coefficient (RWHC) for determination of effectively usable rainfall depth, relevant to rainwater harvesting systems design

“…The implementation of rainwater harvesting projects is supported by factors such as: geographical layout, presence of rainfall, the inhabitants' concern to find viable solutions for water supplies, existence of places with insufficient groundwater reserves, use of simple installation systems, operation and maintenance devices, the need of only simplified water treatment and the existence of extensive international and national technological knowledge on this type of technology (SOUZA et al, 2011;ANDRADE NETO, 2013;ALVES et al, 2014;VELOSO;MENDES, 2014).…”

Understanding governance in the implementation of rainwater systems in the Amazon – Belem

“…The system was an adaptation of the cistern technology implemented in the semi-arid region of Brazil via the 'One Million cisterns' program, consisting on concrete plaque cisterns for multiple users (ASA); implemented through partnerships with individuals, the private sector, cooperation agencies, and the federal government. However, concerns were expressed regarding the quality of water by a range of independent studies carried out by Gnadlingler (1999Gnadlingler ( , 2007; Joventino et al (2010); Souza et al (2011) and Silva et al (2012). This technology was proved as not suitable for the bioclimatic conditions of the riverside communities of the amazon, subject to river tides and high levels of instability and humidity of the subsoil (Veloso, 2012).…”

“…Within this context, the Amazon is one of the most challenging regions, where local municipalities must cope with the complexities of logistic access, largely reliant on the rivers as the key transport link. This fact imposes severe constraints to the provision of clean water; evidenced by high local rates of waterborne disease, often aggravated by untreated water supply systems, inadequate/inexistent sewage treatment facilities and open-air dumps; as consistently documented by the independent works of Gnadlingler (1999,2007); Joventino et al (2010); Souza et al (2011); Veloso (2012); and Silva et al (2012).…”

Captação, Manejo e Uso de Água de Chuva

“…Esses valores são 7,9 e 9,8 vezes superiores aos observados no interior de desvios na cidade de Pesqueira-PE (Souza et al, 2011). No presente trabalho observa-se ainda que o primeiro milímetro foi responsável pela maior parcela de redução da cor e turbidez da água que seria encaminhada à cisterna (comparação dos pontos 2 e 3 da Figura 2).…”

“…O incentivo dessa prática no Brasil ganhou força com o programa 1 milhão de cisternas (P1MC), formulado pela Articulação do Semiárido Brasileiro (ASA), por meio do qual o governo federal já implantou cerca de 350 mil cisternas (ASA, 2002). Apesar disso, é importante garantir que água de boa qualidade seja armazenada nas cisternas e, neste contexto, alguns fatores têm influência sobre essa qualidade, como material da superfície de captação ; uso e forma de desvio das primeiras águas de chuva (Souza et al, 2011); forma de manejo (Martinson & Tomas, 2003) e intensidade da precipitação.…”