Avaliação da Toxicidade do Lodo de Curtume em Plantas de Girassol

Abstract

Um subproduto da pecuária bovina bastante representativo no Brasil é a produção de couro do tipo wet-blue. No entanto, o processo de beneficiamento gera grande quantidade de resíduos na forma de lodo, que se apresenta o cromo em sua constituição, sendo considerado um resíduo nocivo ao meio ambiente. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de toxicidade da aplicação do lodo de curtume em diferentes dosagens no crescimento de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), a fim de verificar a possibilidade de utilização desse resíduo sem comprometer a performance das plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, os vasos foram preenchidos com 5 kg de solo e o lodo foi aplicado nas doses: 0,1; 1; 10; 100 e 250 g.kg-1 de lodo/solo. Foram semeadas três sementes de girassol, em cada vaso, cultivados por 30 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de raiz e parte aérea das plantas, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas e produção de matéria seca de raiz e de parte aérea. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância (teste F) e teste de Tukey. A dose de 100 g.kg-1 ocasionou efeitos de toxicidade nas plantas. Diferente da dose de 250 g.kg-1, que inibiu a germinação das sementes. Com base nos resultados, recomenda-se a utilização de até 10 g.kg-1 de lodo de curtume no crescimento de girassol. Palavras-chave: Composto Orgânico. Helianthus annuus. Resíduo. Tratamento de Couro. Abstract The representative by-product of cattle ranching in Brazil is the production of wet-blue leather. However, the beneficiation process generates a large amount of waste in the form of sludge, that presents chromium in its constitution, considered a waste harmful to the environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicity effects of applying tannery sludge at different dosages on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth in order to verify the possibility of using this residue without compromising the plants’ performance. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, the pots were filled with 5 kg of soil and the sludge was applied in doses: 0.1; 1; 10; 100 and 250 g.kg-1 of sludge/soil. Three sunflower seeds were sown in each pot, grown for 30 days. The experimental design used was completely randomized with five replications. The evaluated variables were: germination percentage, root length and plants’ aerial part, stem diameter, number of leaves and dry root production and aerial part. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (F test) and Tukey test. The dose of 100 g.kg-1 caused toxicity effects on plants. Different from the 250 g.kg-1 dose that inhibited seed germination. Based on the results, it is recommended to use up to 10 g.kg-1 of tannery sludge in sunflower growth. Keywords: Organic compound. Helianthus annuus. Residue. Leather Treatment.

Response of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) to different concentrations of metals and doses of gamma radiation (241Am)

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Advances in genomic characterization ofUrochloa humidicola: exploring polyploid inheritance and apomixis

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