Average Ionospheric Electric Field Morphologies During Geomagnetic Storm Phases

Abstract

Geomagnetic storms are understood to be enhancements in the Earth's ring current (Akasofu & Chapman, 1961;Gonzalez et al., 1994). This westward-flowing current causes large-scale deviations in the Earth's magnetic field, such that they can be measured on the ground (e.g.,

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network Expansion and Its Influence on the Derived Ionospheric Convection Pattern

“…There is a reason why we do not produce convection maps at a 3-hourly cadence: ionospheric convection can and usually does differ on much shorter timescales. For example, Walach and Grocott (2019) and Walach et al (2021) showed that during very active times, such as geomagnetic storms, ionospheric convection and in particularly the location of the HMB, varies on timescales of minutes and we thus do not advise to use a Kp parameterized HMB model. Walach and Grocott (2019) showed that during geomagnetic storms, which can also be described as extremely driven times, the HMB can move to latitudes as low as 40°, which SuperDARN radars prior to the mid-latitude expansion were not able to observe.…”

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network Expansion and its Influence on the Derived Ionospheric Convection Pattern

“…There is a reason why we do not produce convection maps at a 3-hourly cadence: ionospheric convection can and usually does differ on much shorter timescales. For example, Walach and Grocott (2019) and Walach et al (2021) showed that during very active times, such as geomagnetic storms, ionospheric convection and in particularly the location of the HMB, varies on timescales of minutes and we thus do not advise to use a Kp parameterized HMB model. Walach and Grocott (2019) showed that during geomagnetic storms, which can also be described as extremely driven times, the HMB can move to latitudes as low as 40 • , which Super-DARN radars prior to the mid-latitude expansion were not able to observe.…”

Modeling the Varying Location of Field Line Resonances During Geomagnetic Storms

“…A follow up study will consider the full magnetic local time asymmetries as present in the current and many previous observations (Takahashi et al, 2016;Walach et al, 2021;Wharton et al, 2018). The formation of a plasmaspheric drainage plume on the dusk flank during storms has been shown to significantly alter the propagation characteristics of ULF waves (Degeling et al, 2018).…”