Average medical cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries by type in the USA

Abstract

ObjectiveTo estimate the average medical care cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the USA comprehensively by injury type.MethodsThe attributable cost of injuries was estimated by mechanism (eg, fall), intent (eg, unintentional), body region (eg, head and neck) and nature of injury (eg, fracture) among patients injured from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2015. The cost of fatal injuries was the multivariable regression-adjusted average among patients who died in hospital emergency departments (EDs) or inpatient settings as reported in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample, controlling for demographic (eg, age), clinical (eg, comorbidities) and health insurance (eg, Medicaid) factors. The 1-year attributable cost of non-fatal injuries was assessed among patients with ED-treated injuries using MarketScan medical claims data. Multivariable regression models compared total medical payments (inpatient, outpatient, drugs) among non-fatal injury patients versus matched controls during the year following injury patients’ ED visit, controlling for demographic, clinical and insurance factors. All costs are 2015 US dollars.ResultsThe average medical cost of all fatal injuries was approximately $6880 and $41 570 per ED-based and hospital-based patient, respectively (range by injury type: $4764–$10 289 and $31 912–$95 295). The average attributable 1-year cost of all non-fatal injuries per person initially treated in an ED was approximately $6620 (range by injury type: $1698–$80 172).Conclusions and relevanceInjuries are costly and preventable. Accurate estimates of attributable medical care costs are important to monitor the economic burden of injuries and help to prioritise cost-effective public health prevention activities.

Assessment of Annual Cost of Substance Use Disorder in US Hospitals

“…CCR was estimated for ED records (mean: 0.385, data not shown) by matching HCUP-NEDS hospital characteristics to HCUP-NIS CCR data. 10 PFR estimates in the reference source were based on insurance payments to physicians relative to facility payments in medical claims data. 11 PFR was assigned by encounter type and primary payer for this analysis: ED (Medicaid or Medicare, 1.440; all other payers, 1.286) or inpatient (Medicaid or Medicare, 1.177; all other payers, 1.264).…”

Average lost work productivity due to non-fatal injuries by type in the USA

“…Sample selection of patients with non-fatal emergency department–treated injuries in MarketScan, 1 October 2014 through 30 September 2015. a Patients age 18–64 years with commercial health insurance are a subset of the injury patient sample described in Peterson, Xu, Florence (2019) 19 . b Absences by type are reported separately in MarketScan Health and Productivity Management database and enrollee eligibility for each absence type reporting is independent—meaning, an enrollee could be eligible for short-term disability and workers’ compensation absence reporting but not workplace absences (eg, annual leave)—and therefore analysis of each absence type comprised separate enrollee samples.…”

“…Patients admitted as inpatients following the ED index visit were identified by an admission (ie, MarketScan Inpatient Admissions database) on the day of or day following the index visit. The sample of injury patients identified in this way was recently used to estimate the average medical cost of injuries by type 19. Among that sample, for this study, authors identified injury patients aged 18–64 years with employer health insurance who had reported workplace absence data (or, ‘eligibility’ for such reporting—an important distinction because enrollees can have zero reported absences for a given period) in MarketScan HPM for 12 months beginning with patients’ ED index visit (figure 1).…”

A térd- és lábszársérülések okozta országos epidemiológiai és egészségbiztosítási betegségteher Magyarországon

“…A kórházi ellátásra szoruló térd-és lábszársérülést szenvedőknek a kórházat elhagyva általában további, akár éveken át tartó gondozásra, kezelésre is szükségük lehet. A hosszas ápolási és rehabilitációs idő mind a fiatal, mind az időskorú lakosság tekintetében további költségeket generálhat [3,21,35,36]. A járóbeteg-szakellátási forma esetében az előző évben műtéten átesett betegek is bejelentésre kerülhetnek, ezért vizsgálatunkban az aktívfekvőbeteg-szakellátás betegforgalmi és egészségbiztosítási adatait tekintettük meghatározónak.…”