Average Model of a Synchronous Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter Considering Losses and Dynamics

Winter, Michael; Moser, Sascha; Schoenewolf, Stefan; Taube, Julian; Herzog, Hans-Georg

doi:10.3384/ecp15118479

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…A DC/DC converter is used to control the motor through the applied voltage. The model used in the converter is taken from [55]. Elements such as damping, inertias, springs, transmissions, rotational transformations and masses are used to model the mechanical part of the vehicle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From ROM of Electrochemistry to AI-Based Battery Digital and Hybrid Twin

Sancarlos

Cameron

Abel

et al. 2020

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in the automobile industry (electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles) due to their high energy and power density. However, this raises new safety and reliability challenges which require development of novel sophisticated Battery Management Systems (BMS). A BMS ensures the safe and reliable operation of a battery pack and to realize it a model must be solved. However, current BMSs are not adapted to the specifications of the automotive industry, as they are unable to give accurate results at real-time rates and during a wide operation range. For this reason, the main focus of this work is to develop a Hybrid Twin, as introduced in Chinesta et al. (Arch Comput Methods Eng (in press), 2018. so as to meet the requirements of the new generation of BMS. To achieve this, three reduced order model techniques are applied to the most commonly used physics-based models, each one for a different range of application. First, a POD model is used to greatly reduce the simulation time and the computational effort for the pseudo-2D model, while maintaining its accuracy. In this way, cell design, optimization of parameters, and simulation of battery packs can be done while saving time and computational resources. In addition, its real-time performance has been studied. Next, a regression model is constructed from data by using the sparse-Proper Generalized Decomposition (s-PGD). It is shown that it achieves realtime performance for the whole electric vehicle (EV) system with a battery pack. In addition, this regression model can be used in a BMS without issues because of the simple algebraic expression obtained. A simulation of the EV with the proposed approach is demonstrated using the system simulation tool SimulationX (ESI ITI GmbH. Dresden, Germany). Furthermore, the Digital Twin created using the s-PGD does not only allow for real-time simulations, but it can also adapt its predictions taking into consideration the real driving conditions and the real driving cycle to change the planning in real-time. Finally, a data-driven model based on the employment of Dynamic Mode Decomposition techniques is developed to extract an on-line model that corrects the gap between prediction and measurement, thus constructing the first (to our knowledge) hybrid twin of a Li-ion battery able to self-correct from data. In addition, thanks to this model, the above gap is corrected during the driving process, taking into consideration real-time restrictions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superscript "eff" refers to effective. The parameters of the DC/DC converter are the default parameters in the SimulationX model described in [55]. The main forces considered for the linear movement of the vehicle are:…”

Section: Cell Parameters and Additional Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From ROM of Electrochemistry to AI-Based Battery Digital and Hybrid Twin

Sancarlos

Cameron

Abel

et al. 2020

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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“…It focuses on the analysis of the temperature dependence on the losses of the converter. In contribution (Winter et al 2015), a simplified averaging model of a synchronous half-bridge converter is presented, which shows the losses and the dynamic behavior without the need to simulate every switching process of the power semiconductors. An averaging model of a half-bridge converter, more precisely a two-stage DC-AC voltage source converter, is proposed in (Laera et al 2020).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching and Averaging Models of a Bidirectional, Half-Bridge Based DC-DC converter with Load Distribution

Reindl,

Lang,

Niemetz

et al. 2023

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Batteries are used in numerous applications such as mobile devices, electric vehicles, home storage systems and islanded microgrids. Bidirectional DC-DC converters are vital for the integration of batteries, for the power conversion during (dis)charge and the battery management. Modeling of these is helpful, especially for the design of larger, more complex systems consisting of multiple DC-DC converters in parallel. Due to the high switching frequencies, the simulation of DC-DC converters is associated with increased computational time and effort. In this paper, three models of different complexity and accuracy are proposed for a bidirectional DC-DC converter consisting of two phase-shifted half-bridges. Two switching models, which differ mainly in the way the mosfets are driven, account for the individual switching operations and exhibit high accuracy. An averaging model replaces the switching elements with current and voltage sources providing the mean values. It is particularly suitable for multiple components and longer simulation durations. The dynamic behavior of the models is analyzed using the step responses of the load current. For validation, these are compared with the theoretical transfer function. The three models are analyzed comparatively in terms of computational time and effort. The calculation time of the averaging model has been reduced by two thirds compared to the strictly complementary switching model and by 96% relative to the model with diode emulation mode. The averaging model requires only one third of the computation time of the complementary switching model and only 3.5% of that of the model with diode emulation. Recommendations for the use of the models are given and a possible use case is shown. Two parallel connected DC-DC converters with load current sharing between them are simulated using the averaging model.

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“…The dead time introduces a non-linearity which causes distortion in the output voltage and current (Zammit et al, 2016). Another example of half bridge converter implementation using Modelica is given in (Winter et al, 2015) where a DC/DC converter, extensively used in the automotive industry, is considered. An averaged model of the converter is taken into account and the study covers aspects like converter losses in addition to a validation versus a SPICE model.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object Oriented Modeling and Control Design for PowerElectronics Half-Bridge Converter using Modelica

Laera¹,

Vanfretti²,

Thomas³

et al. 2020

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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In this paper the focus is on a particular type of converters that is the two-level VSC (DC/AC Voltage Source Converter). In this category the averaged model and the switching model of an half-bridge converter are considered. The half-bridge is a building block for multiphase and multilevel converters. The implementation of the two models of half-bridge converter using Modelica language is described with the structure of the package developed in Dymola. Different control strategies are introduced showing different behavior of the models in the simulations. The goals of this paper are several. First of all the modeling choice was to use Modelica for this type of work, that is traditionally carried out with domain specific tools, to show that it is possible to perform implementation and studies in the same field where traditional commercial softwares have been commonly and extensively used, with additional benefits that the language provides. In addition to that, this paper shows that the control design studies for an half-bridge converter, typically performed using averaged value models, can result in a set of control parameters values that are not successfully applicable to switching models of the same power electronic device.

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Average Model of a Synchronous Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter Considering Losses and Dynamics

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

From ROM of Electrochemistry to AI-Based Battery Digital and Hybrid Twin

From ROM of Electrochemistry to AI-Based Battery Digital and Hybrid Twin

Switching and Averaging Models of a Bidirectional, Half-Bridge Based DC-DC converter with Load Distribution

Object Oriented Modeling and Control Design for PowerElectronics Half-Bridge Converter using Modelica

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