Avermectin induces cardiac toxicity in early embryonic stage of zebrafish

Developmental toxicity of the emerging contaminant cyclophosphamide and the integrated biomarker response (IBRv2) in zebrafish

“…56,57 A signicant decrease in the heart rate has also been reported in embryos exposed to drugs. 24,58 An abnormal heart could disable its activities in zebrash embryos. 59 Declined heart rates in the toxicant treated group signify the occurrence or initiation of pathological anomalies in zebrash embryos.…”

“…22 Zebrash embryogenesis occurs in a short duration, and the developmental stages are transparent and smaller in size; hence, it is very convenient to evaluate in vivo developmental toxicity induced by waterborne contaminants at lower concentrations under a microscope and no animal ethical regulations are required. 23,24 Thus, zebrash embryos represent an excellent non-invasive 3Rs (reduction, replacement and renement) model to assess the eco-toxicity of pharmaceutical drugs. 25 Hatching, malformation, and the heart rate of zebrash embryos are routinely used physiological endpoints in ecotoxicity assessments.…”