Aversion to sucrose produced by contingent x-irradiation: Temporal and dosage parameters.

Abstract

Rats were familiarized with milk for 5 days. A few days later, experimental Ss drank sucrose solution and after 3.5-32 hr. were exposed to 50 r. of X-rays. Sham controls were not X-irradiated. Irradiated controls ate chow prior to irradiation. In a subsequent preference test, those experimental Ss irradiated 6.5 hr. or less after sucrose consumption exhibited an aversion to sucrose relative to both type of controls. In a similar experiment, rats exposed to 50, 150, or 250 r. 7 hr. after consuming sucrose solution developed greater aversion to sucrose solution with increasing radiation dose.

Higher order conditioning of a taste aversion

“…These taste aversions can be learned despite long delays between the CS (taste) and the US (poisoning), even when only a single trial is employed (Smith & Roll, 1967). Other parametric studies have demonstrated that the magnitude of the aversion varies directly with the concentration of the CS (Dragoin, 1971), and of the US (Revusky, 1968).…”

Long-delay taste aversion learning: Effects of repeated trials and two-bottle testing conditions

“…Yet although 8-12 h does appear to be the point beyond which animals do not learn taste aversions (see, however, Etscorn & Stephens, 1973), within this limit the delay interval is subject to a number of manipulations. For example, increases in the concentration of the taste stimulus (Andrews & Braveman, 1975;Braun & Rosenthal, 1976) or in the dose of the toxin (Revusky, 1968) increase the delay over which animals can learn the aversion. Similar effects have been reported with variations in the duration of the taste exposure (Deutsch, 1978) .…”

Memory for tastes in an operant delayed discrimination

“…In the taste aversion procedure, an animal is presented with a novel taste and subsequently made ill. On later exposure to the taste, the animal typically avoids its consumption (see Garcia, Ervin, & Koelling, 1966) . Robust taste aversions have been conditioned with extended delays between taste presentation and toxicosis (e.g., 9-12 h, see Nachman, 1970;Revusky , 1968;Smith & Roll, 1967; see Etscorn & Stephens, 1973, for a report of conditioned aversion with a delay of 24 h between between taste exposure and subsequent toxicosis). In a review of taste aversion learning, Klosterhalfen and Klosterhalfen (1985) advanced the position that the ability of animals to form associations over long delays within the CT A procedure is a function of the specific conditioned stimulus used in taste aversion research, that is, taste .…”