Aves ribereñas de los ecosistemas costeros de Tuxpan, Veracruz, México

Abstract

Los ambientes ribereños costeros son una fuente de alimento y refugio para una gran diversidad de aves. Por lo anterior, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la diversidad, vulnerabilidad, hábitat, estacionalidad y conectividad de aves en cinco ambientes ribereños de Tuxpan, Veracruz. De diciembre de 2012 a octubre de 2014 se realizaron 912 transectos de 1 km de largo y 100 m de ancho en la ribera del río Tuxpan, la laguna de Tampamachoco, los esteros de Tumilco y Jácome, y en la línea costera. La identi cación de las especies, vulnerabilidad, hábitat y estacionalidad se obtuvo de la literatura especializada; la conectividad se estableció por medio de la diversidad alfa, el índice de Whitaker y análisis de correspondencia canónico (ACC). Se identi caron 15 órdenes, 42 familias, 108 géneros y 150 especies. Por la diversidad destacan los órdenes Passeriformes (43 %), Charadriiformes (18 %) y Pelecaniformes (9 %); de las especies registradas dos se categorizan en peligro de extinción, dos como amenazadas y ocho en protección especial. Por la riqueza especi ca las aves terrestres (59.9 %) son más importantes que las costeras (19.7 %) y marinas (20.4 %). Con relación a la estacionalidad se presentan más residentes reproductivos (43.4 %) que visitantes invernales (33.6 %) y transeúntes (19.7 %). El ACC indica un 60 % de especies compartidas, por lo que el índice de Whitaker fue de 2.45. Los patrones de distribución e interconectividad detectados pueden utilizarse para elaborar planes de manejo y conservación de los ecosistemas costeros de Tuxpan, Veracruz.

Evidence of change in migratory patterns of the ornithofauna in a coastal locality of the Gulf of Mexico during an ENSO event

“…winter visitors and 17 passerby). The largest migratory component recorded in this study was similar to that reported by Argüelles et al, 6,7 for the coastal environments of Tuxpan (e.g. reefs, river, lagoon, estuaries), which allows us to assume that the region fulfills its function as part of the migration route of the Gulf of Mexico.…”

“…reefs, river, lagoon, estuaries), which allows us to assume that the region fulfills its function as part of the migration route of the Gulf of Mexico. However, the previous record of avifauna for the northern coastline of Tuxpan mentioned by Argüelles et al, 7 shows that the proportion of resident birds is higher (55.4%) than that of migratory birds (44.6%), which could be indicative of an increase in the migration process during the study period. and significantly with the alpha before ENSO event, while during ENSO within months correlates with t C , indicating that as the effect of ENSO increases so does the number of species, as well as the degree of species replacement increases.…”

“…When comparing the richness recorded with that reported for the northern coastline of Tuxpan 7 25 new records are added, so that the listing of this environment increases to 81 species. On the other hand, and through the review of existing literature 6,7,10,22 and specialized websites [23][24][25] nine records are provided for the northern region of Veracruz, of which Eudocimus ruber, Larus glaucocescens and Streptoprocne semicollaris had not been recorded until now for the biogeographic province of the Gulf of Mexico. 26 Registration of these species may be considered rare for the region, e.g.…”

“…In the northern portion highlights the beach Barra Norte (BN) with an extension of 4.86 km and serves as a gateway for migratory birds to enter the various coastal ecosystems. 7 The BN beach is geographically located between the 21°0'42.77" N and 97°19'41.74" W and between 20°58'23.28"N and 97°18'17.17" W.…”

“…2 Each of these routes is of vital importance in the migration of birds to their resting and breeding sites; recent studies that address the inventory of avifauna in northern Veracruz where it crosses the migratory route of the Gulf of Mexico, account for it. 6,7 For example, in the riparian environments of Tuxpan, Veracruz, 56.3% of avifauna are migratory birds, 7 while for the neighboring Lobos-Tuxpan Reef System 89% are migratory birds. 6 Likewise, 102 new records have been documented for both localities, of which 31% are migratory birds (winter visitors and passerby).…”