Avian anaesthesia related mortality and the associated risk factors in a UK zoological collection

Dobbs, Phillipa; Moittié, Sophie; Liptovszky, Mátyás

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2021.04.012

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…General anaesthesia is an essential aspect of avian medicine and is routinely used for diagnostic purposes due to their non-compliant nature, and for surgical procedures to produce unconsciousness, muscle relaxation and analgesia to maintain patient welfare against nociceptive stimulations (1). General anaesthesia is however associated with higher mortality rates (2,3) than what has been reported in dogs, cats, rabbits and horses (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised chickens (Gallus domesticus)

Wong,

Lum,

Musk

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The applicability of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in birds is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the use of EIT in anaesthetised chickens in four recumbency positions. Four adult Hyline chickens were anaesthetised with isoflurane in oxygen, and intubated endotracheally for computed tomography (CT). A rubber belt was placed around the coelom caudal to the shoulder joint. A chicken-specific finite element (FE) model, which is essential to generate anatomically accurate functional EIT images for analysis, was constructed based on the CT images obtained at the belt level. Ten additional chickens were anaesthetised with the same protocol. An EIT electrode belt was placed at the same location. The chickens were breathing spontaneously and positioned in dorsal, ventral, right and left lateral recumbency in a randomised order. For each recumbency, raw EIT data were collected over 2 min after 13 min of stabilisation. The data were reconstructed into functional EIT images. EIT variables including tidal impedance variation (TIV), centre of ventilation right to left (CoVRL) and ventral to dorsal (CoVVD), right to left (RL) ratio, impedance change (ΔZ) and eight regional impedance changes including the dorsal, central-dorsal, central-ventral and ventral regions of the right and left regions were analysed. Four breathing patterns (BrP) were observed and categorised based on the expiratory curve. A linear mixed model was used to compare EIT variables between recumbencies. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the frequencies of breathing patterns for each recumbency. The ΔZ observed was synchronous to ventilation, and represented tidal volume of the cranial air sacs as confirmed by CT. Significant differences were found in CoVVD and regional impedance changes between dorsal and ventral recumbencies (P < 0.05), and in CoVRL, RL ratio and regional impedance changes between right and left recumbencies (P < 0.05), which suggested a tendency for the distribution of ventilation to shift towards non-dependent air sacs. No differences were found for TIV and respiratory rate between recumbencies. Recumbency had a significant effect on the frequencies of each of the four BrPs (P = 0.001). EIT can monitor the magnitude and distribution of ventilation of the cranial air sacs in different recumbencies in anaesthetised chickens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised chickens (Gallus domesticus)

Wong,

Lum,

Musk

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Unfortunately, MRI has a longer image acquisition time an often requires general anesthesia. While general anesthesia poses a risk in all animals, it is greater in many exotic species and has been specifically evaluated in rabbits (1,3,4). At this time there are no reports assessing the risks of mortality surrounding reptile anesthesia however this taxon presents unique anesthetic challenges including intracardiac shunting, poikilothermic nature, and often challenging venous access (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing an MRI-Based Protocol and Atlas of the Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Brain

et al. 2022

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The bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) has become a popular companion lizard, and as such, clients have increasingly come to expect the application of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic options in their care. The purpose of this study was to establish an MRI-based protocol and brain atlas to improve diagnostic capabilities in bearded dragons presenting with neurologic dysfunction. Using a high-field 3T magnet, in vivo MRI of the brain was successfully performed in seven healthy bearded dragons utilizing an injectable anesthetic protocol utilizing intravenous alfaxalone. From this, we created an atlas of the brain in three planes, identifying nine regions of interest. A total scan time of 35 min allowed for the collection of a quality diagnostic scan and all lizards recovered without complication. This study provides practitioners a neuroanatomic reference when performing brain MRI on the bearded dragon along with a concise and rapid MRI protocol.

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