Avian Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics, Causes and Genomics

Kubale, Valentina; Merry, Keshia; Miller, Georgia; Diaz, Maria Ruiz; Rutland, Catrin S.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.78005

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Cardiovascular defects in birds have been investigated far less than in mammals, but have been described for numerous species (see Kubale et al, 2018). Ventricular septal defects have been described in a juvenile houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) (Bailey & Kinne, 2001) and for penguins as well as various species of caged birds (Laughlin et al, 2016).…”

Section: (A) Intracardiac Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

2019

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This review explores the long‐standing question: ‘Why do cardiovascular shunts occur?’ An historical perspective is provided on previous research into cardiac shunts in vertebrates that continues to shape current views. Cardiac shunts and when they occur is then described for vertebrates. Nearly 20 different functional reasons have been proposed as specific causes of shunts, ranging from energy conservation to improved gas exchange, and including a plethora of functions related to thermoregulation, digestion and haemodynamics. It has even been suggested that shunts are merely an evolutionary or developmental relic. Having considered the various hypotheses involving cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates, this review then takes a non‐traditional approach. Rather than attempting to identify the single ‘correct’ reason for the occurrence of shunts, we advance a more holistic, integrative approach that embraces multiple, non‐exclusive suites of proposed causes for shunts, and indicates how these varied functions might at least co‐exist, if not actually support each other as shunts serve multiple, concurrent physiological functions. It is argued that deposing the ‘monolithic’ view of shunting leads to a more nuanced view of vertebrate cardiovascular systems. This review concludes by suggesting new paradigms for testing the function(s) of shunts, including experimentally placing organ systems into conflict in terms of their perfusion needs, reducing sources of variation in physiological experiments, measuring possible compensatory responses to shunt ablation, moving experiments from the laboratory to the field, and using cladistics‐related approaches in the choice of experimental animals.

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Section: (A) Intracardiac Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

2019

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“…Cardiovascular disease is common in avian species (Beaufrère et al, ). The increase in commercial economic losses and demand for healthcare in veterinary centres has resulted in increased research investigating these disorders (Kubale, Merry, Miller, Diaz, & Rutland, ). Alterations in nutritional status may result in cardiac structural changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to a lack of complete understanding of the nutritional requirements of captive parrots, malnutrition is a concern in this species (Heatley & Cornejo, ). Additionally, in commercial breeding, changes in the avian heart cause concern, and the impact of diet on the risk of heart failure in broiler chickens has been investigated to design nutritional plans to maximize growth while reducing the risk of cardiac failure (Kubale et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Santos

Silva

Hippólito

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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This study aimed to assess radiographic and tomographic cardiac parameters, including width and length of the heart, and the ratio of heart width to coelom width of blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. Thirty‐five captive birds were included in the study and were allocated into one of three groups according to their respective body condition score: lean, ideal and obese. No differences were observed among the groups with regard to radiographic and tomographic measurements. Computed tomography enabled better identification of the structures of the cardiovascular system without interference from the overlying structures of the celomatic cavity observed in radiographic images. However, radiographic examinations should still be considered the standard screening method to identify cardiac alterations, such as increased or reduced organ dimensions. Standardizing the techniques and measurements performed in this study may serve as a basis for further research in the field.

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“…Ekweozor et al (2002) noted that hens exposed to crude oil had diminished growth, egg production, egg quality, and hatchability. Kubale et al (2018) and Jiang et al (2019) reported incidences of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, right ventricular failure, and developmental cardiotoxicity in poultry.…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Pollution and Physiological Responses Of Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving hydrocarbon toxicity tolerance in poultry: role of genes and antioxidants

Oleforuh-Okoleh,

Sikiru,

Kakulu

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Sustenance of smallholder poultry production as an alternative source of food security and income is imperative in communities exposed to hydrocarbon pollution. Exposure to hydrocarbon pollutants causes disruption of homeostasis, thereby compromising the genetic potential of the birds. Oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction of the cellular membrane is a contributing factor in the mechanism of hydrocarbon toxicity. Epidemiological studies show that tolerance to hydrocarbon exposure may be caused by the activation of genes that control disease defense pathways like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Disparity in the mechanism and level of tolerance to hydrocarbon fragments among species may exist and may result in variations in gene expression within individuals of the same species upon exposure. Genomic variability is critical for adaptation and serves as a survival mechanism in response to environmental pollutants. Understanding the interplay of diverse genetic mechanisms in relation to environmental influences is important for exploiting the differences in various genetic variants. Protection against pollutant-induced physiological responses using dietary antioxidants can mitigate homeostasis disruptions. Such intervention may initiate epigenetic modulation relevant to gene expression of hydrocarbon tolerance, enhancing productivity, and possibly future development of hydrocarbon-tolerant breeds.

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Avian Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics, Causes and Genomics

Cited by 6 publications

References 91 publications

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Improving hydrocarbon toxicity tolerance in poultry: role of genes and antioxidants

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