Avian cell-mediated immune response to drought

Fair, Jeanne M.; Whitaker, S.

doi:10.1676/06-052.1

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, some data exist on such responses in other wildlife due to drought, and droughts are associated with negative demographic effects in bats that imply a chronic health effect. Drought had negative impacts on cell-mediated immunity, clutch size, and body mass in passerine birds in New Mexico [84] . Elevated cortisol and impaired innate immunity was documented in wild wallaroos ( Macropus robustus ) during a major drought in Western Australia [85] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

et al. 2014

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In 2001–2005 we sampled permanently marked big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at summer roosts in buildings at Fort Collins, Colorado, for rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). Seroprevalence was higher in adult females (17.9%, n = 2,332) than males (9.4%, n = 128; P = 0.007) or volant juveniles (10.2%, n = 738; P<0.0001). Seroprevalence was lowest in a drought year with local insecticide use and highest in the year with normal conditions, suggesting that environmental stress may suppress RVNA production in big brown bats. Seroprevalence also increased with age of bat, and varied from 6.2 to 26.7% among adult females at five roosts sampled each year for five years. Seroprevalence of adult females at 17 other roosts sampled for 1 to 4 years ranged from 0.0 to 47.1%. Using logistic regression, the only ranking model in our candidate set of explanatory variables for serological status at first sampling included year, day of season, and a year by day of season interaction that varied with relative drought conditions. The presence or absence of antibodies in individual bats showed temporal variability. Year alone provided the best model to explain the likelihood of adult female bats showing a transition to seronegative from a previously seropositive state. Day of the season was the only competitive model to explain the likelihood of a transition from seronegative to seropositive, which increased as the season progressed. We found no rabies viral RNA in oropharyngeal secretions of 261 seropositive bats or in organs of 13 euthanized seropositive bats. Survival of seropositive and seronegative bats did not differ. The presence of RVNA in serum of bats should not be interpreted as evidence for ongoing rabies infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

et al. 2014

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“…We also estimated the energy costs of mounting a CMI response in terms of BMR to determine whether those costs are consistent with the above‐mentioned experiments. Given the findings of previous studies (Alonso‐Alvarez and Tella 2001, Hangalapura et al 2005, Brzęk and Konarzewski 2007, Fair and Whitaker 2008), we expected there to be a weaker inflammatory response to PHA in individuals feeding under food‐restricted conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Metabolic consequences of overlapping food restriction and cell-mediated immune response in a long-distance migratory shorebird, the little ringed plover Charadrius dubius

Gutiérrez¹,

Masero²,

Abad‐Gómez³

et al. 2011

Journal of Avian Biology

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Investment in immunity is commonly viewed as an energetically costly activity in birds. Although several studies have focused on the energy cost of mounting an immune response and its concomitant physiological trade-offs, nothing is known about the metabolic adjustments experienced by immunochallenged birds under resource limitation, or about the basal metabolism cost of mounting cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in bird species other than non-migratory passerines. Here we measured the basal metabolic rate (BMR), inflammatory response, and body mass in ad libitum fed and food-restricted little ringed plovers Charadrius dubius challenged with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in order to assess the energy cost, the strength, and the time course of the CMI response in a long-distance migratory bird in different nutritional states. We found that ad libitum birds injected with PHA significantly increased both mass-independent BMR and inflammatory response, whereas birds with an induced food restriction-immune response overlap experienced a mass-independent BMR downregulation and decreased inflammatory response relative to ad libitum birds. We suggest that both the BMR downregulation and the diminished inflammatory response observed in birds facing such an overlap could be energy-saving mechanisms to maintain the body mass above a critical level and maximize fitness.

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“…A lack of resources, as a result of a disturbance such as drought, often results in suppressed immune system, low weight, and lower reproductive success (Alonso-Alvarez & Tella, 2001). For instance, nestling bluebirds and flycatchers on the Pajarito Plateau experience a decrease in cell-mediated immune responsiveness during unusually dry weather conditions (Fair & Whitaker, 2008). Given that the southwest is projected to be hotter and have more frequent and prolonged droughts (Cayan et al, 2013), we predict that flycatchers may be more negatively impacted by blowflies than bluebirds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term variation in environmental conditions influences host–parasite fitness

Musgrave

Bartlow

Fair

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Long‐term data on host and parasite fitness are important for predicting how host–parasite interactions will be altered in an era of global change. Here, we use data collected from 1997 to 2013 to explore effects of changing environmental conditions on bird–blowfly interactions in northern New Mexico. The objectives of this study were to examine what climate variables influence blowfly prevalence and intensity and to determine whether blowflies and climate variables affect bird fledging success. We examined how temperature, precipitation, and drought affect two parasitic blowflies and their hosts, Western Bluebirds ( Sialia mexicana ) and Ash‐throated Flycatchers ( Myiarchus cinerascens ). We found that blowfly prevalence did not change over time. Blowfly intensity increased over time in bluebird nests, but not in flycatcher nests. More blowflies result in slightly higher fledging success in bluebirds, but not flycatchers. There was a significant interaction between blowflies and precipitation on bluebird fledging success. For flycatchers, there was a significant interaction between blowflies and temperature and between blowflies and drought severity on fledging success. Given that the southwest is projected to be hotter and have more frequent and prolonged droughts, we predict that flycatchers may be negatively impacted by blowflies if these trends continue. Future work should focus on investigating the role of both blowflies and climate on fledging success. Climate patterns may negatively impact host fitness through altered parasite pressure.

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Avian cell-mediated immune response to drought

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

Variability in Seroprevalence of Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies and Associated Factors in a Colorado Population of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

Metabolic consequences of overlapping food restriction and cell-mediated immune response in a long-distance migratory shorebird, the little ringed plover Charadrius dubius

Long‐term variation in environmental conditions influences host–parasite fitness

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