Avian influenza in backyard poultry of the Mopti region, Mali

Molia, Sophie; Traoré, Abdallah; Gil, Patricia; Hammoumi, Saliha; Lesceu, S.; Almeida, Renata Servan de; Albina, Emmanuel; Chevalier, Véronique

doi:10.1007/s11250-009-9497-2

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It could also be due to too low titres of the virus in faeces which makes it undetectable by RT-PCR. Similar findings of absence of AIV RNA in seropositive birds have been reported previously (Obon et al, 2009;Molia et al, 2010;Sabarinath et al, 2011;Wakawa et al, 2012). Likewise, the evidence of LPAIV in commercial poultry in this study suggests that the birds could serve as carriers shedding the virus into the environment when immunity against AI is no longer sufficient, thereby playing a crucial role in the epidemiology of the disease and posing a potential public health risk especially to occupationally exposed humans in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Oluwayelu¹,

Omolanwa²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2016

AJID

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Background: Flock surveillance systems for avian influenza (AI) virus play a critical role in countries where vaccination is not practiced so as to establish the epidemiological characteristics of AI needed for the development of prevention and control strategies in such countries. Materials and Methods: As part of routine AI monitoring in southwest Nigeria, a competitive ELISA was used for detecting influenza A virus antibodies in the sera of 461 commercial breeder and layer birds obtained from different flocks in Oyo State, Nigeria while haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against low pathogenic AI viruses (LPAIVs) were detected using H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 subtype-specific antigens. Suspensions prepared from cloacal swabs were tested for AI virus RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Results showed that influenza A virus antibody prevalence was 12.8% and 9.3% for breeders and layers, respectively while HI assay revealed 22.0%, 2.0% and 78.0% prevalence of LPAIV H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 antibodies respectively. All cloacal swab suspensions were negative for AIV RNA. Conclusion: Since LPAI infections result in decreased or complete cessation of egg production in breeder and layer birds, increased infection severity due to co-infection with other poultry viruses have occasionally been transmitted to humans, the detection of LPAIV H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 antibodies in these birds is of both economic and public health significance. These findings underscore the need for continuous flock monitoring as part of early warning measure to facilitate rapid detection and sustainable control of AI in Nigerian poultry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Oluwayelu¹,

Omolanwa²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2016

AJID

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“…This finding was unexpected, because ducks are associated with maintenance of influenza virus in domestic birds. In fact, many studies conducted in LBMs and farms reported a higher prevalence of influenza in ducks compared with other poultry species 7,15–17 . It is not clear why influenza A virus was not detected in ducks in the markets in Kenya, particularly in light of the fact that the ducks stayed for longer periods of time in the market and were housed in the market together with geese and turkeys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our surveillance, in all avian species, influenza A virus was more commonly detected in oropharyngeal specimens than in cloacal specimens by rt RT‐PCR. In a study of AI in backyard poultry in Mali in 2007, 2·2% of tracheal swabs and 1·3% of cloacal swabs tested positive for influenza A by rt RT‐PCR 16 . Experimental studies in ducks showed that viruses replicated to higher levels in the trachea than in the cloaca of both inoculated and contact birds, suggesting that the digestive tract is not the main site of H5N1 influenza virus replication in ducks 18,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of influenza A virus in live bird markets in Kenya, 2009–2011

Munyua

Githinji

Waiboci

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Munyua et al. (2013) Detection of influenza A virus in live bird markets in Kenya, 2009–2011. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2), 113–119. Background Surveillance for influenza viruses within live bird markets (LBMs) has been recognized as an effective tool for detecting circulating avian influenza viruses (AIVs). In Sub‐Saharan Africa, limited data exist on AIVs in animal hosts, and in Kenya the presence of influenza virus in animal hosts has not been described. Objectives This surveillance project aimed to detect influenza A virus in poultry traded in five LBMs in Kenya. Methods We visited each market monthly and collected oropharyngeal and cloacal specimens from poultry and environmental specimens for virological testing for influenza A by real time RT‐PCR. On each visit, we collected information on the number and types of birds in each market, health status of the birds, and market practices. Results During March 24, 2009–February 28, 2011, we collected 5221 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs. Of the 5199 (99·6%) specimens tested, influenza A virus was detected in 42 (0·8%), including 35/4166 (0·8%) specimens from chickens, 3/381 (0·8%) from turkeys, and 4/335 (1·2%) from geese. None of the 317 duck specimens were positive. Influenza was more commonly detected in oropharyngeal [33 (1·3%)] than in cloacal [9 (0·4%)] specimens. None of the 485 environmental specimens were positive. Virus was detected in all five markets during most (14/22) of the months. Ducks and geese were kept longer at the market (median 30 days) than chickens (median 2 days). Conclusions Influenza A was detected in a small percentage of poultry traded in LBMs in Kenya. Efforts should be made to promote practices that could limit the maintenance and transmission of AIVs in LBMs.

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“…It is a large African duck known to perform extensive intra-African movements, including trans-equatorial migration [20], and it breeds during the rainy season in sub-Saharan Africa. The PTT was < 3% of the bird's body mass [19], and we used an attachment technique [18] similar to the one described by Miller et al . [38] which proved successful in North America for tracking northern pintail ( Anas acuta ) during migration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both comb ducks and chickens have been tested positive for avian influenza viruses during the dry season in 2008 [18,19]. We ran our analysis every 8 days for successive periods during the study (a total of 15 consecutive 8-day periods from February to July 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens

Cappelle

Gaidet

Iverson³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Health Geographics

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BackgroundCharacterizing the interface between wild and domestic animal populations is increasingly recognized as essential in the context of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that are transmitted by wildlife. More specifically, the spatial and temporal distribution of contact rates between wild and domestic hosts is a key parameter for modeling EIDs transmission dynamics. We integrated satellite telemetry, remote sensing and ground-based surveys to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of indirect contacts between wild and domestic birds to estimate the risk that avian pathogens such as avian influenza and Newcastle viruses will be transmitted between wildlife to poultry. We monitored comb ducks (Sarkidiornis melanotos melanotos) with satellite transmitters for seven months in an extensive Afro-tropical wetland (the Inner Niger Delta) in Mali and characterise the spatial distribution of backyard poultry in villages. We modelled the spatial distribution of wild ducks using 250-meter spatial resolution and 8-days temporal resolution remotely-sensed environmental indicators based on a Maxent niche modelling method.ResultsOur results show a strong seasonal variation in potential contact rate between wild ducks and poultry. We found that the exposure of poultry to wild birds was greatest at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season, when comb ducks disperse from natural water bodies to irrigated areas near villages.ConclusionsOur study provides at a local scale a quantitative evidence of the seasonal variability of contact rate between wild and domestic bird populations. It illustrates a GIS-based methodology for estimating epidemiological contact rates at the wildlife and livestock interface integrating high-resolution satellite telemetry and remote sensing data.

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Avian influenza in backyard poultry of the Mopti region, Mali

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Detection of influenza A virus in live bird markets in Kenya, 2009–2011

Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens

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