Avian influenza overview September – November 2017

Brown, Ian H.; Kuiken, Thijs; Mulatti, Paolo; Śmietanka, Krzysztof; Staubach, Christoph; Stroud, David A.; Therkildsen, Ole; Willeberg, Preben; Baldinelli, Francesca; Verdonck, Frank; Adlhoch, Cornelia

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5141

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In comparison to the HPAIVs circulating during the 2016-2018 epizootic [2,5], the Ger-01-20 reassortant comprises of eight unique segments newly introduced to Germany (Figure 2 and Figure S1). Six of the eight segments (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8) cluster with 98% sequence identity to a previous HPAIV H5N8 reassortant found from 2016 onwards (Figure 2 and Figure S1, Table S1) [12,13]. This reassortant has been identified in areas ranging from Asia/Eurasia (India, A/painted stork/India/10CA03/2016; South Korea, A/common teal/Korea/W548_2016, A/chicken/Korea/Gunsan/2017; Central Russia, Siberia, A/domestic duck/Siberia/49/2016), Europe (Italy, A/turkey /Italy/17VIR538-1/2017) [14] to Africa (Egypt, A/green-winged teal/Egypt/877/2016; South Africa, A/Geese/South_Africa/S2017/09_0055_P1/2017) in the season 2016/2017 [12,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

King

Schulze²,

Engelhardt³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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A novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected in a greater white-fronted goose in January 2020 in Brandenburg, Germany, and, in February 2020, in domestic chickens belonging to a smallholding in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. Full-genome sequencing was conducted on the MinION platform, enabling further phylogenetic analyses. The virus of clade 2.3.4.4b holds six segments from a Eurasian/Asian/African HPAIV H5N8 reassortant and two segments from low pathogenic avian influenza H3N8 subtype viruses recently detected in wild birds in Central Russia. These new entries continue to show the reassortment potential of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses, underlining the necessity for full-genome sequencing and continuous surveillance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

King

Schulze²,

Engelhardt³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Between 2016 and 2018, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) A(H5N8), A(H5N6) and A(H5N5) affected 24 EU/EEA countries (EFSA, Brown, Kuiken, et al ; EFSA, Brown, Mulatti, et al, ). Approximately 20 million birds had to be culled either directly due to a confirmed outbreak or indirectly as a precaution, for example, related to prevention measures within the control zone (Hansen, Brown, Brookes, Welchman, & Cromie, ; Napp, Majo, Sanchez‐Gonzalez, & Vergara‐Alert, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the number of exposed people during highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreaks in EU/EEA countries, October 2016–September 2018

Adlhoch

Miteva

Zdravkova

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Of the large number of reported detections of HPAI in geese (n=160), the most affected species was the barnacle goose, which was not commonly detected in previous HPAI outbreaks and was not included in the list of target species compiled by EFSA (EFSA et al, 2017a). Raptors have been reported infected in previous epidemics (e.g.…”

Section: A(h5n1) A(h5n5) A(h5n8) A(h5) No Info A(h5n5) A(h5n8) A(h5) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview – update on 19 November 2020, EU/EEA and the UK

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Gonzáles³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Since 16 October 2020, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have been reported in several EU/EEA countries-Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden as well as in the United Kingdom. As of 19 November, 12pm, 302 HPAI A(H5) detections have been reported, with the majority of the detections referring to wild birds (n=281), and a few related to outbreaks in poultry (n=18) and captive birds (n=3). Most of the detections in wild birds were in wild waterbirds, being barnacle goose the most affected species (n=110), followed by greylag goose (n=47), Eurasian wigeon (n=32), mallard (n=14), and common buzzard (n=13). Three HPAI virus subtypes were identified, A(H5N8), A(H5N5) and A(H5N1), with A(H5N8) being the most reported subtype (n=284). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses evolved from a single progenitor virus that went through multiple reassortment events. Based on the ongoing autumn migration of wild waterbirds to their wintering areas in Europe, there is a continued risk of further introduction of HPAI A(H5) viruses into Europe. Furthermore, given the expected movements of both migratory, and resident wild birds in Europe during winter, there is a high risk of further spread of HPAI A(H5) viruses within Europe. No genetic markers indicating adaptation to mammals have been identified in the viruses analysed so far, and no human infection due to avian influenza viruses detected in the recent outbreaks has been reported. For that reason, the risk to the general population remains very low. However, following the precautionary principle, people should avoid touching sick or dead birds unprotected to minimise any potential risk.

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Avian influenza overview September – November 2017

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Cited by 36 publications

References 70 publications

Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

Novel HPAIV H5N8 Reassortant (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Detected in Germany

Estimation of the number of exposed people during highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreaks in EU/EEA countries, October 2016–September 2018

Avian influenza overview – update on 19 November 2020, EU/EEA and the UK

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