Avian influenza virus prevalence in marine birds is dependent on ocean temperatures

Hall, Jeffrey S.; Dusek, Robert J.; Nashold, Sean W.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Allen, R. Bradford; Grear, Daniel A.

doi:10.1002/eap.2040

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Wild aquatic avian species, specifically Anseriformes (waterfowl, including ducks, geese, and swans) and Charadriiformes (seabirds, including gulls, shorebirds, terns, and auks), comprise the native host reservoir for IAVs worldwide, and likewise in Arctic regions where a broad diversity of seabirds, shorebirds, and waterfowl predominate [ 16 , 47 ]. Wild avian hosts of IAVs sampled in Arctic regions include resident birds that live in the region year-round (i.e., Sabine’s Gull, Rock Ptarmigan) and temporary Arctic residents (i.e., Mallards, Northern Wheatear, Great Black-backed Gull, Common Murre) that migrate to Arctic regions in the spring and summer months to breed and nest, taking advantage of the region’s abundant energy resources [ 39 , 42 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though exposure among marine mammals is generally thought to be avian in origin, serological evidence from the Russian Arctic suggests that certain infections in Baikal and ringed seals may be of human origin [ 44 ]. Several unusual mortality events linked to IAV infection have occurred in northern temperate regions, such as the Northeast USA and the Skagerrak and Kattegat Seas off western Sweden [ 16 , 79 , 83 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both low temperature and annual rainfall have been associated with long-term IAV environmental stability and persistence in northern climates and temperate zones [ 14 , 15 ]. Arctic marine and terrestrial mammals are also susceptible to IAV infection, largely through seasonal reinfection from avian and environmental sources [ 16 ]. Despite evidence demonstrating the significance of northern regions for the migratory connectivity and global dissemination of IAVs [ 5 ], there is a dearth of consolidated data on the epidemiology and ecology of IAVs among wildlife in the circumpolar Arctic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Gass

Kellogg

Hill

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Arctic regions are ecologically significant for the environmental persistence and geographic dissemination of influenza A viruses (IAVs) by avian hosts and other wildlife species. Data describing the epidemiology and ecology of IAVs among wildlife in the arctic are less frequently published compared to southern temperate regions, where prevalence and subtype diversity are more routinely documented. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review addresses this gap by describing the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological characteristics of IAVs detected among wildlife and the environment in this understudied region of the globe. The literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using a set of pre-defined search terms to identify publications reporting on IAVs in Arctic regions between 1978 and February 2022. A total of 2125 articles were initially screened, 267 were assessed for eligibility, and 71 articles met inclusion criteria. IAVs have been detected in multiple wildlife species in all Arctic regions, including seabirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, seals, sea lions, whales, and terrestrial mammals, and in the environment. Isolates from wild birds comprise the majority of documented viruses derived from wildlife; however, among all animals and environmental matrices, 26 unique low and highly pathogenic subtypes have been characterized in the scientific literature from Arctic regions. Pooled prevalence across studies indicates 4.23% for wild birds, 3.42% among tested environmental matrices, and seroprevalences of 9.29% and 1.69% among marine and terrestrial mammals, respectively. Surveillance data are geographically biased, with most data from the Alaskan Arctic and many fewer reports from the Russian, Canadian, North Atlantic, and Western European Arctic. We highlight multiple important aspects of wildlife host, pathogen, and environmental ecology of IAVs in Arctic regions, including the role of avian migration and breeding cycles for the global spread of IAVs, evidence of inter-species and inter-continental reassortment at high latitudes, and how climate change-driven ecosystem shifts, including changes in the seasonal availability and distribution of dietary resources, have the potential to alter host–pathogen–environment dynamics in Arctic regions. We conclude by identifying gaps in knowledge and propose priorities for future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Gass

Kellogg

Hill

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…The primary wild species involved in AIV transmission cycle include waterfowls, gulls, and shorebirds [ 71 ]. Direct interaction between these wild bird species and farmed birds is a likely route for the virus to spread [ 72 ]. Wild birds can carry various avian influenza virus strains within their respiratory or intestinal tract [ 73 ].…”

Section: Avian Influenza Viru (Aiv) Animal Reservoirs and Pandemic Po...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential zoonotic spillover at the human–animal interface: A mini-review

Fauziah,

Nugroho,

Yanthi

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Wildlife markets and wet wildlife markets, a type of human–animal interface, are commonly trading centers for wild-caught and captive-exotic animals as well as their products. These markets provide an ideal environment for spillovers of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). These conditions may raise serious concerns, particularly in relation to wildlife species that frequently interact with humans and domestic animals. EIDs pose a significant risk to humans, ecosystems, and public health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, and other previous outbreaks, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Even though it seems appears impossible to eliminate EIDs, we may still be able to minimalize the risks and take several measures to prevent new EIDs originated from animals. The aim of this study was to review several types of human–animal interfaces with a high risk of zoonotic spillover, infectious agents, and animal hosts or reservoirs. Identifying those factors will support the development of interventions and effective disease control in human–animal interface settings. Keywords: avian influenza, COVID-19, emerging infectious diseases, public health, wildlife market.

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“…Northward shifts in population distributions, for example, may increase the density of susceptible hosts for IAV infection year-round and the risk for more frequent interhemispheric virus movement via short-distance flights across the Arctic perimeter [20,[22][23][24]. Much remains unknown, however, about the impact of environmental factors on the dispersal of viral lineages, particularly during active epizootics of HPAI viruses at a multi-continental scale [21,[25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogeographic Drivers of the Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe and the United States, 2016–Early 2022

Gass

Hill

Damodaran

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 have caused outbreaks in Europe among wild and domestic birds since 2016 and were introduced to North America via wild migratory birds in December 2021. We examined the spatiotemporal extent of HPAI viruses across continents and characterized ecological and environmental predictors of virus spread between geographic regions by constructing a Bayesian phylodynamic generalized linear model (phylodynamic-GLM). The findings demonstrate localized epidemics of H5Nx throughout Europe in the first several years of the epizootic, followed by a singular branching point where H5N1 viruses were introduced to North America, likely via stopover locations throughout the North Atlantic. Once in the United States (US), H5Nx viruses spread at a greater rate between US-based regions as compared to prior spread in Europe. We established that geographic proximity is a predictor of virus spread between regions, implying that intercontinental transport across the Atlantic Ocean is relatively rare. An increase in mean ambient temperature over time was predictive of reduced H5Nx virus spread, which may reflect the effect of climate change on declines in host species abundance, decreased persistence of the virus in the environment, or changes in migratory patterns due to ecological alterations. Our data provide new knowledge about the spread and directionality of H5Nx virus dispersal in Europe and the US during an actively evolving intercontinental outbreak, including predictors of virus movement between regions, which will contribute to surveillance and mitigation strategies as the outbreak unfolds, and in future instances of uncontained avian spread of HPAI viruses.

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Avian influenza virus prevalence in marine birds is dependent on ocean temperatures

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Potential zoonotic spillover at the human–animal interface: A mini-review

Ecogeographic Drivers of the Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe and the United States, 2016–Early 2022

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