Avian leukosis virus subgroup – J as a contaminant in live commercially available poultry vaccines distributed in Nigeria

Shittu, Ismaila; Adedeji, Adeyinka Jeremy; Luka, Pam Dachung; Asala, Olayinka; Sati, N. M.; Nwagbo, Ijeoma; Chinyere, Chinonyerem N.; Arowolo, Oluwadamilola O.; Adole, J.A.; Emennaa, P. E.; Abdu, Paul Ayuba; Joannis, Tony M.

doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.11.003

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Avian leukosis virus subgroup J infections have been reported worldwide and continue to pose a significant threat to the poultry industry ( Landman et al, 2002 ; Fenton et al, 2005 ; Gao et al, 2010 ; Payne and Nair, 2012 ; Shittu et al, 2019 ). In addition, the mixed infection of ALV with other viruses or the contamination of it in live vaccines makes this disease more severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Antiviral Ability by a Combination of Zidovudine and Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Avian Leukosis Virus

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes tumor diseases in poultry and is circulating all over the world, leading to significant economic losses. In addition, mixed infection of ALV with other viruses is very common and is often reported to contaminate live vaccines. At present, there is no effective method to suppress the replication of ALV in vitro, so it is very difficult to remove it in mixed infection. As a retrovirus, the replication of ALV can be limited by reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors like zidovudine (AZT), but it also causes nontargeted cytotoxicity. To find the optimal solution in cytotoxicity and inhibition efficiency in vitro culture system, we firstly designed a combination therapy of AZT and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ALV and then verified its efficiency by multiple biological methods. Results showed that shRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of RT and then limit the replication of ALV. The combination of AZT and shRNA can significantly improve the antiviral efficiency in viral replication, shedding, and provirus assembly under the condition of low cytotoxicity. Overall, in this study, the combination therapy of AZT and shRNA targeting ALV showed excellent antiviral performance against ALV in vitro culture system. This method can be applied to multiple scenarios, such as the removal of ALV in mixed infection or the purification of contaminated vaccine strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Antiviral Ability by a Combination of Zidovudine and Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Avian Leukosis Virus

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The widespread detection of antibodies to ALV subgroup A/B in the two States may result from vertical transmission of ALVs, which maintains the infection from one generation of chickens to another [9,20]. Also, reports suggest that ALVs could be transmitted through vaccination, as routinely used vaccines in poultry in Nigeria were found to be contaminated by avian neoplastic disease viruses [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody profiles of avian leukosis virus subgroups A/B and J In layer flocks suspected to have Marek’s disease in Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Previous reports indicate high seroprevalence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) p72 antigen in layer flocks suspected to have Marek’s disease (MD) in Kaduna and Plateau States. However, the specific subgroups responsible for ALV infection in layers in the States are still unknown, hence the need for this study. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the antibody profiles of ALV subgroups A/B and J in layer flocks suspected to have MD in Kaduna and Plateau States. Sera from 7 and 16 layer flocks suspected to have MD in Kaduna and Plateau States respectively, were screened for the presence of antibodies to ALV subgroups A/B and J using IDEXX enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Out of the seven layer flocks screened in Kaduna State, antibodies to ALV subgroup A/B was detected in six of the flocks (85.7%), while antibodies to ALV subgroup J was detected in only one flock (14.3%). Antibodies to both ALV subgroups A/B and J were detected in one flock (14.3%), which suggests co-infection of the two ALV subgroups. Out of the 16 flocks screened in Plateau State, antibodies to ALV subgroup A/B were detected in 15 flocks (93.8%), while antibodies to ALV subgroup J were detected in six flocks (37.5%). Antibodies to both ALV subgroups A/B and J were detected in five flocks (31.3%). The high detection of antibodies to ALV A/B suggests that ALV infection in layers is mostly due to ALV subgroup A or B in the study areas.

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“…A retrospective survey of different batches of attenuated vaccines produced before 2010 in China showed that three ALV strains that shared the highest homology (97.7%) with the wild ALV-A strains isolated in China during the same period were successfully isolated from three attenuated vaccines, respectively, including a live FPV vaccine, a live NDV vaccine, and a live IBDV vaccine [ 81 ]. Similarly, the nucleic acid of ALV-J was detected by PCR in commercially available FPV vaccines in Nigeria [ 82 ]. This phenomenon suggests that ALV can infect chickens via vaccination with live vaccines, which requires us to adopt strict testing measures to detect exogenous viruses after all vaccine production.…”

Section: Various Important Virus Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Poultry Recombinant Virus Vector Vaccine Development

Wang,

Tian,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are the mainstays of preventing viral poultry diseases. However, the development of recombinant DNA technology in recent years has enabled the generation of recombinant virus vector vaccines, which have the advantages of preventing multiple diseases simultaneously and simplifying the vaccination schedule. More importantly, some can induce a protective immune response in the presence of maternal antibodies and offer long-term immune protection. These advantages compensate for the shortcomings of traditional vaccines. This review describes the construction and characterization of primarily poultry vaccine vectors, including fowl poxvirus (FPV), fowl adenovirus (FAdV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Marek’s disease virus (MDV), and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT). In addition, the pathogens targeted and the immunoprotective effect of different poultry recombinant virus vector vaccines are also presented. Finally, this review discusses the challenges in developing vector vaccines and proposes strategies for improving immune efficacy.

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Avian leukosis virus subgroup – J as a contaminant in live commercially available poultry vaccines distributed in Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Enhanced Antiviral Ability by a Combination of Zidovudine and Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Avian Leukosis Virus

Enhanced Antiviral Ability by a Combination of Zidovudine and Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Avian Leukosis Virus

Antibody profiles of avian leukosis virus subgroups A/B and J In layer flocks suspected to have Marek’s disease in Nigeria

Current Status of Poultry Recombinant Virus Vector Vaccine Development

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