Avian Sedation

Doss, Grayson A.; Mans, Christoph

doi:10.1647/20-00045

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In this study, consistently with other results in the relevant literature, atipamezole administered at a dosage 4 times the dosage of dexmedetomidine was quickly absorbed following IM injection, and it provided smooth recovery in the DX group at minute 5.06±0.87 and in the DXK group at minute 22.47±0.64 (Hornak et al, 2014;Memon et al, 2021;Sandmeier, 2000). Unlike flumazenil, no dosage repletion was needed (Doss and Mans, 2021;Heard, 2016;Mans, 2017). No vomiting was observed in the DX and DXK groups following the atipamezole injection, but temporary tremors which lasted about one minute in two pigeons in the DX group and four pigeons in the DXK group were considered negative effects of atipamezole.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Hornak et al (2014), stated that atipamezole reversed most sedation and cardiorespiratory side effects in 10 minutes after the induction made with a midazolamdexmedetomidine combination, and it was only late in terms of increasing CT. Memon et al (2021), emphasized that in medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia, atipamezole administered at half the dosage of medetomidine shortened anesthesia duration in pigeons by 18 minutes. It has been reported that flumazenil, which is a reversal agent of benzodiazepine, can be used in avian species to partially or fully reverse the effects of diazepam or midazolam, but due to its short half-life, dosage repletion might be needed (Doss and Mans, 2021;Heard, 2016;Mans, 2017;Martel et al, 2021). In this study, consistently with other results in the relevant literature, atipamezole administered at a dosage 4 times the dosage of dexmedetomidine was quickly absorbed following IM injection, and it provided smooth recovery in the DX group at minute 5.06±0.87 and in the DXK group at minute 22.47±0.64 (Hornak et al, 2014;Memon et al, 2021;Sandmeier, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, injectable anesthetics obtained by adding low doses of dissociative anesthetics to analgesics, tranquilizers, or sedative agents have been used as part of a balanced anesthesia protocol (Hawkins and Paul-Murphy, 2011;Heard, 2016;Lichtenberger and Lennox, 2016;Sandmeier, 2000). Sedative agents constitute a useful alternative to reduce physiological stress in avian species in which painless clinical procedures are applied, and with the use of safe and effective sedative agents, they provide significant benefits to veterinarians and staff (Doss and Mans, 2021;Lennox, 2001;Mans, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Anesthetic Properties of Dexmedetomidine and Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Combination and the Properties of Atipamezole as a Reversal Agent in Domestic Pigeons

Ağış,

Yavuz

2024

Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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The aim of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of dexmedetomidine and ketamine alone and dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination and the effects of α2 adrenergic reversal atipamezole in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). In DX group, dexmedetomidine (80 μg/kg), in K group, ketamine (100 mg/kg) alone, in DXK group, dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg) consecutively were administered intramuscularly (IM). Anesthetic depth and cardiopulmonary symptoms were monitored starting from the pre-injection moment (T0) till the 60th minute (T60). At T60, atipamezole at a dosage 4 times that of dexmedetomidine was injected intramuscularly to the DX group (320 μg/kg) and the DXK group (160 μg/kg). In the DX group, only minimal sedation, bradycardia, and a sudden drop in respiratory rate were seen (P

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Anesthetic Properties of Dexmedetomidine and Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Combination and the Properties of Atipamezole as a Reversal Agent in Domestic Pigeons

Ağış,

Yavuz

2024

Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Sedation with benzodiazepines, alpha-agonists, opioids, or combinations of some of these drugs has been widely used in avian clinical practice [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Additionally, it has demonstrably reduced capture- and handling-related stress in birds [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation of Wild Pyrenean Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) Using Intramuscular Midazolam

Francisco

Jordana²,

Ferré

et al. 2022

Animals

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Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking offers key information in the study of movement ecology of threatened species. Nevertheless, the placement of GPS devices requires animal capture and handling, which may represent a challenge to the individual’s survival after release, mainly due to capture myopathy. The Pyrenean Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) is a threatened galliform especially sensitive to handling, extremely elusive, and challenging to capture. Our goal was to adapt a sedation protocol for Pyrenean Capercaillies undergoing GPS tagging, in order to increase their welfare and safety during the procedure. From 2018 to 2021, 23 wild Pyrenean Capercaillies were captured and sedated for GPS tagging as part of a European conservation project of emblematic Pyrenean avian species. The birds received intramuscular (IM) sedation with midazolam (ranging from 1.9 mg/kg to 8.08 mg/kg) and were handled for 20 to 40 min. Sedation was reversed with flumazenil (0.1 mg/mL IM). The sedated capercaillies were less responsive to stimuli (i.e., closed eyes and recumbency), showing discrete to no response to handling (i.e., placement of the GPS device, physical examination, cloacal temperature measurement, or reflex tests). Such response was compared in birds with sedation doses above and below the average dose (5.17 mg/kg). Only one clinical sign showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (“open-mouth breathing” sign, p = 0.02). A mortality rate of 4.35% was registered (one individual died during handling). Sedation facilitated the handling of the birds and faster interventions in the field, without increasing mortality when compared to handling without sedation. Therefore, sedation was shown to be a useful tool to reduce stress related to capture and handling of the threatened Pyrenean Capercaillie.

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“…Benzodiazepines and alpha-2 agonists are two classes of sedatives commonly administered to birds [ 5 ]. While benzodiazepines have shown to be effective in providing sedation and muscle relaxation in birds, the potential side effects such as hyperphagia, amnesia, and decreased gastrointestinal motility raise some concerns [ 5 ]. On the other hand, the primary concern with the use of alpha-2 agonists is their potential cardiopulmonary side effects in pigeons [ 11 , 19 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of alfaxalone on induction quality of inhalation anesthesia in domestic pigeons (<i>Columba livia domestica</i>)

Lim

Park

Kang

et al. 2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Several studies have documented the effects of anesthesia on pigeons. However, previous studies using pigeons have not examined a combination of injection and inhalation anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of alfaxalone in conjunction with mask induction on the quality of isoflurane anesthesia in healthy domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study consisting of two phases, six healthy adult pigeons were anesthetized twice with a washout period of 7 days. In each phase, the pigeons were randomly assigned IM administration of either alfaxalone (4 mg/kg) or an equal volume of normal saline. After 20 min, anesthesia was induced with isoflurane through a face mask. Once voluntary movement of the limbs and eyelids ceased, the face mask was removed, and the trachea was intubated. The quality of anesthesia was assessed by scoring sedation prior to anesthetic induction, induction, and recovery. Heart rate, respiratory rate, cloacal temperature, and noninvasive systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure were recorded before the IM injection (baseline) and during the procedure. The minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane was determined using the "bracketing" method. Moderate sedation (sedation scores of 2 and 3) was observed only with alfaxalone administration. In the alfaxalone group, the induction score was significantly higher (better induction quality) than in the control group (P=0.041). The combination of alfaxalone and mask induction was effective for inhalation anesthesia in pigeons.

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Avian Sedation

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Evaluation of the Anesthetic Properties of Dexmedetomidine and Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Combination and the Properties of Atipamezole as a Reversal Agent in Domestic Pigeons

Evaluation of the Anesthetic Properties of Dexmedetomidine and Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Combination and the Properties of Atipamezole as a Reversal Agent in Domestic Pigeons

Sedation of Wild Pyrenean Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) Using Intramuscular Midazolam

Effects of alfaxalone on induction quality of inhalation anesthesia in domestic pigeons (<i>Columba livia domestica</i>)

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