Avian wings can lengthen rather than shorten in response to increased migratory predation danger

Ydenberg, Ronald C.; Fernández, Guillermo; Ortiz Lopez, Enver; Lank, David B.

doi:10.1002/ece3.10325

Ecology and Evolution

2023

DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10325

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Avian wings can lengthen rather than shorten in response to increased migratory predation danger

Ronald C. Ydenberg

Guillermo Fernández

Enver Ortiz Lopez

et al.

Abstract: Increasing predation danger can select for safety-enhancing modifications to prey morphology. Here, we document the multi-decade wing lengthening of a Pacific flyway migrant, the western sandpiper (Calidris mauri), and contrast this with contemporaneous wing shortening of the closely related semipalmated sandpiper (C. pusilla) on

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

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Parasites and the ecology of fear: Nonconsumptive effects of ectoparasites on larvae reduce growth in simulated Drosophila populations

Horn,

Luong,

Visscher

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Predators negatively affect prey outside of direct attack, and these nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) may cause over half the impacts of predators on prey populations. This “ecology of fear” framework has been extended to host–parasite interactions. The NCEs of parasites are thought to be small relative to those of predators. However, recent research shows ectoparasites exert NCEs on multiple life stages of Drosophila. In this study, we apply recent data to a matrix‐based model of fly populations experiencing infection/consumption and NCEs from an ectoparasitic mite. We found the NCEs of parasites on larvae, which are not actively parasitized, decreased the size of simulated host populations. By contrast, the NCEs on adult flies increased population size through compensatory egg production. The negative NCEs on larvae outweighed the positive effects on adults to reduce population size. This study suggests that parasitic NCEs can suppress host populations independent of infection.

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Parasites and the ecology of fear: Nonconsumptive effects of ectoparasites on larvae reduce growth in simulated Drosophila populations

Horn,

Luong,

Visscher

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Feeding en route: Prey availability and traits influence prey selection by an avian predator on migration

Bourbour,

Aylward,

Meehan

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Ecology

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During animal migration, ephemeral communities of taxa at all trophic levels co‐occur over space and time. The interactions between predators and prey along migration corridors are ecologically and evolutionarily significant. However, these interactions remain understudied in terrestrial systems and warrant further investigations using novel approaches. We investigated the predator–prey interactions between a migrating avivorous predator and ephemeral avian prey community in the fall migration season. We tested for associations between avian traits and prey selection and hypothesized that prey traits (i.e. relative size, flocking behaviour, habitat, migration tendency and availability) would influence prey selection by a sexually dimorphic raptor on migration. To document prey consumption, we sampled trace prey DNA from beaks and talons of migrating sharp‐shinned hawks Accipiter striatus (n = 588). We determined prey availability in the ephemeral avian community by extracting weekly abundance indices from eBird Status and Trends data. We used discrete choice models to assess prey selection and visualized the frequency of prey in diet and availability on the landscape over the fall migration season. Using eDNA metabarcoding, we detected prey species on 94.1% of the hawks sampled (n = 525/588) comprising 1396 prey species detections from 65 prey species. Prey frequency in diet and eBird relative abundance of prey species were correlated over the migration season for top‐selected prey species, suggesting prey availability is an important component of raptor‐songbird interactions during fall. Prey size, flocking behaviour and non‐breeding habitat association were prey traits that significantly influenced predator choice. We found differences between female and male hawk prey selection, suggesting that sexual size dimorphism has led to distinct foraging strategies on migration. This research integrated field data collected by a volunteer‐powered raptor migration monitoring station and public‐generated data from eBird to reveal elusive predator–prey dynamics occurring in an ephemeral raptor‐songbird community during fall migration. Understanding dynamic raptor‐songbird interactions along migration routes remains a relatively unexplored frontier in animal ecology and is necessary for the conservation and management efforts of migratory and resident communities.

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Anatomical structure of the stomach of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

Butkiewicz,

Skowroński

2024

Medical Journal of Cell Biology

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In this article, an analysis of the normal anatomy of the stomach of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is presented. The material covered 20 female common pheasants from poultry breeding. A necropsy of the deceased animals was performed, and then the stomachs were removed, analyzed, and measured for length, width, thickness of the walls, and characteristic anatomical features. The measurements were made using a caliper. The presented results include the stomach and proventriculus, focusing on their specificity, such as the strongly developed muscular membrane of the type II stomach, characteristic of granivorous birds, which reflects the diet of pheasants. In the discussion, the stomach structure of the pheasant was compared with other birds, emphasizing how diet influences the varied morphology of organs. These studies are preliminary and should be expanded to a larger group of animals, taking into account the aspect of sex. However, they constitute a basis for further development of the normal and comparative anatomy of the common pheasant.

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Avian wings can lengthen rather than shorten in response to increased migratory predation danger

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

Parasites and the ecology of fear: Nonconsumptive effects of ectoparasites on larvae reduce growth in simulated Drosophila populations

Parasites and the ecology of fear: Nonconsumptive effects of ectoparasites on larvae reduce growth in simulated Drosophila populations

Feeding en route: Prey availability and traits influence prey selection by an avian predator on migration

Anatomical structure of the stomach of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

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