Avoiding the Issue: University Students’ Reponses to NFL Players’ National Anthem Protests

Chaplin, Kenneth Sean; de, Jeffrey Montez

doi:10.1123/ssj.2018-0108

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Protests during the national anthem have become central in this regard. Indeed, this issue has become prominent cultural terrain for White nationalist backlash against perceptions of racial/ethnic inequalities becoming diminished, continued demographic changes threatening a White majority, and continued requests for more forceful antiracist actions (Chaplin & Montez de Oca, 2019;Hartmann, 2019;Marti, 2020). Future research should continue to consider how sports and their political processes matter-including through support, resistance, and enaction of athlete protest during the national anthem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Athletes be Allowed to Protest during the National Anthem? An analysis of public opinions among U.S. adults

Knoester¹,

Ridpath²,

Allison³

2020

Preprint

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America is unique in its celebration of nationalism in sports. U.S. athletes have also historically protested, particularly racial/ethnic inequalities, at sporting events-- especially during the national anthem ceremony. Since 2016, attention has centered on Black NFL players, and others who have been inspired by them, protesting during the anthem against unjust police violence and other racial/ethnic inequalities. These actions have prompted discussions about these issues, but also discussions about why the protests may have been inappropriate. This study, using descriptive and multiple regression analyses of data from the National Sports and Society Survey (N = 3,993), examines public opinions about this issue. Results suggest that public opinion is now more supportive of athletes being allowed to protest during the anthem; although, considerable opposition persists. Black individuals and those who recognize racial/ethnic discrimination in society are especially likely to support the right of athletes to protest. Heterosexual, Christian, sports fan, and military identities seem to encourage opposition to the right to protest. Indicators of traditionalism and sports nationalism attitudes are also negatively associated with support for athlete protests. Overall, these results help to better contextualize and understand the controversy over whether or not athletes should have the right to protest during the national anthem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Athletes be Allowed to Protest during the National Anthem? An analysis of public opinions among U.S. adults

Knoester¹,

Ridpath²,

Allison³

2020

Preprint

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“…PP’s critiques consistently express emotional appeals to victimhood. They feel harmed by the protests, whether it is disrespecting their kin, their nation, or interfering with their consumer pleasure (Chaplin and Montez de Oca, 2019). As a result, the overriding response of PPs to the black NFL players’ protest was anger.…”

Section: The Ethics Of Pp and Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1. Parts of this article was previously published in, Chaplin and Montez de Oca (2019) Avoiding the Issue: University Students’ Reponses to NFL Players’ National Anthem Protests. Sociology of Sport Journal . …”

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confidence: 99%

Ethics of patriotism: NFL players’ protests against police violence

Suh

2019

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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This article traces debates about African American professional football players’ protests during the national anthem. After reviewing over 400 media texts, we found that each side operates from mirrored ethical positions that lead to competing conceptions of patriotism. We use the term “patriarchal patriotism” for people opposed to the protests since they hold that institutions of authority protect citizens, and therefore citizens owe them loyalty and deference. We use “constructive patriotism” for protest supporters since they hold that citizens have an ethical obligation to oppose inequities and work on the nation through protest and dissent. Each position, however, operates as two sides of the same racial–patriotic coin. We argue that the strategic embrace of patriotism by protest proponents limits the radical, transformative potential of the protests by operating on a nationalistic political terrain that suggests the racial state can operate for racial benevolence.

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“…As the point of the anthem protest suggests, there is an overall criticism of racism in America. However, evidence has shown that White Americans often avoid conversations regarding race, even going as far to deny that racism exists all together (Chaplin & Montez de Oca, 2019). Thus, this could also be a factor as to why constructive patriotism was unreliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

United We Stand, Divided We Kneel: Examining Perceptions of the NFL Anthem Protest on Organizational Reputation

Anderson

2019

Communication & Sport

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During a 2016 National Football League (NFL) preseason game, former San Francisco 49er quarterback, Colin Kaepernick sat during the playing of the national anthem in protest of police brutality. His actions prompted national outrage: ultimately calling into question his national identity and patriotism towards the United States. The anthem protest continued throughout the 2016 and through the 2017 season. Consequently, the NFL decided to implement a national anthem policy to discipline players who continued to protest. Thus, this study examined individuals’ perceptions of the NFL’s crisis responsibility in handling the anthem protest and how it affected their reputation. Further, this study examined national identity and patriotism as mediators between crisis responsibility and organizational reputation. Results indicated that national identity did not serve as a mediator and that only one level of patriotism mediated the relationship. A discussion was also forwarded.

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Avoiding the Issue: University Students’ Reponses to NFL Players’ National Anthem Protests

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Should Athletes be Allowed to Protest during the National Anthem? An analysis of public opinions among U.S. adults

Should Athletes be Allowed to Protest during the National Anthem? An analysis of public opinions among U.S. adults

Ethics of patriotism: NFL players’ protests against police violence

United We Stand, Divided We Kneel: Examining Perceptions of the NFL Anthem Protest on Organizational Reputation

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