Awareness and Attitudes Toward Intranasal Naloxone Rescue for Opioid Overdose Prevention

Kirane, Harshal; Ketteringham, Michael; Bereket, Sewit; Dima, Richie; Basta, Ann; Mendoza, Sonia; Hansen, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.07.005

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The prevalence of experiencing and witnessing an overdose in our study approached the maximum estimates reported in a 2015 systematic review (i.e., 50–96% of people who use illicit drugs witness an overdose and 17–68% personally experience an overdose) [5]. The fact that just over half of participants had heard of naloxone and identified it as an overdose treatment, demonstrating lower awareness than has been documented in prior studies [32, 43, 44, 47], highlights the need for the educational component of OEND in this setting. Naloxone knowledge was particularly low among male participants who had never personally experienced an overdose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Justice involvement patterns, overdose experiences, and naloxone knowledge among men and women in criminal justice diversion addiction treatment

et al. 2019

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Background Persons in addiction treatment are likely to experience and/or witness drug overdoses following treatment and thus could benefit from overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs. Diverting individuals from the criminal justice system to addiction treatment represents one treatment engagement pathway, yet OEND needs among these individuals have not been fully described. Methods We characterized justice involvement patterns among 514 people who use opioids (PWUO) participating in a criminal justice diversion addiction treatment program during 2014–2016 using a gender-stratified latent class analysis. We described prevalence and correlates of naloxone knowledge using quasi-Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. Results Only 56% of participants correctly identified naloxone as an opioid overdose treatment despite that 68% had experienced an overdose and 79% had witnessed another person overdose. We identified two latent justice involvement classes: low involvement (20.3% of men, 46.5% of women), characterized by older age at first arrest, more past-year arrests, and less time incarcerated; and high involvement (79.7% of men, 53.5% of women), characterized by younger age at first arrest and more lifetime arrests and time incarcerated. Justice involvement was not associated with naloxone knowledge. Male participants who had personally overdosed more commonly identified naloxone as an overdose treatment after adjustment for age, race, education level, housing status, heroin use, and injection drug use (prevalence ratio [95% confidence interval]: men 1.5 [1.1–2.0]). Conclusions All PWUO in criminal justice diversion programs could benefit from OEND given the high propensity to experience and witness overdoses and low naloxone knowledge across justice involvement backgrounds and genders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12954-019-0317-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Justice involvement patterns, overdose experiences, and naloxone knowledge among men and women in criminal justice diversion addiction treatment

et al. 2019

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“…In a sample from a treatment center in New York, 65% were aware about naloxone, yet only 33% knew where they could access it and only 12% had ever witnessed naloxone being used. 12 Identifying gaps can enable targeted interventions to increase saturation of naloxone in communities affected by opioid overdoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and access to naloxone necessary but not sufficient: Examining gaps in the naloxone cascade

Tobin

Clyde

Davey‐Rothwell

et al. 2018

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Demonstrated effectiveness of naloxone education and distribution programs supports the rationale behind naloxone access and Good Samaritan laws that bystanders should not fear legal repercussions for offering assistance to someone injured or otherwise incapacitated [ 22 – 25 ]. Moreover, public and professional attitudes generally support these laws [ 26 – 28 ]. Yet, studies continue to demonstrate 911 is frequently not called despite the presence of a Good Samaritan law due to either a lack of awareness or continued fear of criminal liability [ 20 , 29 – 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lay responder naloxone access and Good Samaritan law compliance: postcard survey results from 20 Indiana counties

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTo reduce fatal drug overdoses, two approaches many states have followed is to pass laws expanding naloxone access and Good Samaritan protections for lay persons with high likelihood to respond to an opioid overdose. Most prior research has examined attitudes and knowledge among lay responders in large metropolitan areas who actively use illicit substances. The present study addresses current gaps in knowledge related to this issue through an analysis of data collected from a broader group of lay responders who received naloxone kits from 20 local health departments across Indiana.MethodsPostcard surveys were included inside naloxone kits distributed in 20 Indiana counties, for which 217 returned cards indicated the person completing it was a lay responder. The survey captured demographic information and experiences with overdose, including the use of 911 and knowledge about Good Samaritan protections.ResultsFew respondents had administered naloxone before, but approximately one third had witnessed a prior overdose and the majority knew someone who had died from one. Those who knew someone who had overdosed were more likely to have obtained naloxone for someone other than themselves. Also, persons with knowledge of Good Samaritan protections or who had previously used naloxone were significantly more likely to have indicated calling 911 at the scene of a previously witnessed overdose. Primary reasons for not calling 911 included fear of the police and the person who overdosed waking up on their own.ConclusionsKnowing someone who has had a fatal or non-fatal overdose appears to be a strong motivating factor for obtaining naloxone. Clarifying and strengthening Good Samaritan protections, educating lay persons about these protections, and working to improve police interactions with the public when they are called to an overdose scene are likely to improve implementation and outcomes of naloxone distribution and opioid-related Good Samaritan laws.

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Awareness and Attitudes Toward Intranasal Naloxone Rescue for Opioid Overdose Prevention

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Justice involvement patterns, overdose experiences, and naloxone knowledge among men and women in criminal justice diversion addiction treatment

Justice involvement patterns, overdose experiences, and naloxone knowledge among men and women in criminal justice diversion addiction treatment

Awareness and access to naloxone necessary but not sufficient: Examining gaps in the naloxone cascade

Lay responder naloxone access and Good Samaritan law compliance: postcard survey results from 20 Indiana counties

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