Awareness and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Market Women in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

Abstract

Background:Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and commonly associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality in developing countries due to late presentation. Breast self-examination (BSE) can help in early detection of the disease.Aims:This study aims to determine the awareness and practice of BSE among market women in Abakailiki, Southeast Nigeria.Subjects and Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study involved the use of questionnaire among market women in Abakaliki. Inclusion criteria were women from the age of 18 years and above who own or sell in a shop, while females less than 18 years of age and women who came to the market to buy products were excluded. Questionnaires were distributed randomly among women who met the criteria in every shop visited based on willingness to participate. Analysis was done using Epi info version 3:5:3 (Atlanta Geogia USA.2008). The association between variables was tested using Chi square for trend statistics. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to test for relationship between the age group categories against ever heard of BSE.Results:The age range of participants was between 20 and 65 years, with a mean age of 34.3 (10.8) years. The age range between 20 and 29 years constituted the highest age group 35.3% (84/238). Majority 54.2% (129/238) had a maximum of secondary education. Of the 238 participants, 77.7% have heard of breast cancer, of which 73.9% thought that early detection would aid treatment. Only 38.9% (6/195), 13% and 13.4% have heard of BSE, clinical breast examination and mammography, respectively. Just 23.9% have been taught how to perform BSE, while 21.8% had done it in the past. One person 0.4% knew the correct frequency of BSE, and also did it regularly. There was a statistically significant difference between the level of education and awareness of BSE. However, there was no statistical significant difference between participants age and awareness of BSE.Conclusion:There was a low level of awareness of BSE among market women in Abakiliki, and there is a need to increase the level of awareness through campaigns.

A Cross Sectional Study of the Knowledge and Practice of Self-Breast Examination among Market Women at the Makola Shopping Mall, Accra, Ghana

“…Findings from this study are similar to what were observed in other studies among market women in Iran and Nigeria [4] [11], where majority of the respondents were below the age of 40 years and were married with secondary and post-secondary education.…”

“…Breast cancer awareness among respondents in this study was very high (88%) and this could serve as an entry point to increase breast cancer education especially on the need for frequent selfbreast examination so as to pick early suspected cases for self-referral to the clinic for assessment and diagnosis. The high level of awareness confirmed what was reported among Market Women in Nigeria, where 78% of the market women were aware of breast cancer [4]. However, these findings contradict what was reported among students in Turkey and Nigeria, where low levels of awareness were reported [41] [45] [46].…”

“…It has been reported that SBE places a psychological responsibility of good health practice on the individual [36]. Some experts have argued that a decrease in SBE will result in a decrease in early detection of breast cancer and vice versa [4].…”

“…Self-breast examination is recommended as one of the overall health promotion concepts for breast cancer [4]. Several reasons have been associated with the non-performance of SBE.…”

“…Although SBE is said to be useful in early case detection of breast cancer, most women do not examine their breasts and a great proportion of women do not know how to perform SBE [31] [33]. However, adapting a screening method depends on several factors including religious beliefs, attitude of physicians or primary care providers, and motivation by the community nurses [4] [38]. It has been reported that employment status and availability of social support have an effect on improving the breast health because employed woman can afford health care and other advanced forms of breast screening methods such as mammogram, while the unemployed women have time to regularly perform SBE but cannot afford other more reliable breast screening methods [34] [39].…”