Awareness is necessary for attentional biases by location–reward association

Mine, Chisato; Yokoyama, Takemasa; Takeda, Yuji

doi:10.3758/s13414-021-02280-7

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with previous studies demonstrating that spatial attentional biases arising from reward learning are contingent upon awareness of the reward contingencies (Mine et al, 2021; Sisk et al, 2020; see also Anderson & Kim, 2018a, 2018b; Liao et al, 2021), which contrasts with the influence of reward learning and aversive conditioning on feature-based attention that can be implicit (Grégoire & Anderson, 2019; Grégoire et al, 2021, 2020; Hopkins et al, 2016; Leganes-Fonteneau et al, 2018, 2019), suggesting a fundamental difference between how selection history shapes feature-based and space-based attentional biases. Like feature-based attentional biases arising from both reward learning and aversive conditioning, however, Pavlovian learning is implicated, which may reflect a broad principle in the selection history-dependent control of attention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The role of reward learning in the control of spatial attention has also been examined, in situations in which attending to a stimulus only when appearing in a particular spatial location (Bourgeois et al, 2018; Chelazzi et al, 2014; Della Libera et al, 2017; Mine et al, 2021; see also Anderson, 2015) or attending to a particular region of a scene (Anderson & Kim, 2018a, 2018b; Liao et al, 2021) results in high reward. In this case, there is evidence that attention is biased toward reward-associated regions of space (Anderson & Kim, 2018a, 2018b; Bourgeois et al, 2018; Chelazzi et al, 2014; Della Libera et al, 2017; Liao et al, 2021; Mine et al, 2021). Likewise, directional eye movements, divorced from a particular region of a scene, are potentiated when paired with reward (Liao & Anderson, 2020; see also McCoy & Theeuwes, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pavlovian learning in the selection history-dependent control of overt spatial attention.

Anderson¹,

Liao²,

Grégoire³

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Learning from rewarding and aversive outcomes shapes how sensory signals are processed by the attention system, reflecting a consequence of selection history. Substantial evidence points to Pavlovian associative learning as the mechanism by which previously reward-associated and aversively conditioned stimulus features gain attentional priority. On the basis of differences between reward-dependent feature-based and space-based attentional biases, it has been suggested that reinforcement learning underlies the influence of selection history on spatial attention. By pairing the orienting of overt spatial attention with aversive electric shock, we provide direct evidence that Pavlovian learning between locations and outcomes can shape spatial attention. Public Significance StatementWe learn from prior experience what to direct our attention to. Exactly how we learn to direct our attention is unclear. In the present study, we provide novel evidence for an influence from Pavlovian learning in the control of spatial attention. A better understanding of how learning influences attention is important for the ability to effectively train attention and understand how maladaptive patterns of attention develop.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavlovian learning in the selection history-dependent control of overt spatial attention.

Anderson¹,

Liao²,

Grégoire³

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…A similar proposition has been made for spatial stimulus-reward associations ( Chelazzi et al., 2014 ) but not yet been tested neurally. Recent papers suggest that spatial value-based attentional capture is only successful if participants are aware of the spatial reward contingencies during learning ( Anderson et al., 2021 ; Mine et al., 2021 ). Our study shows that if those contingencies are known, significant changes in neural activity are observed in sensory areas, suggesting that a similar mechanism as observed in feature-based attentional capture is at play under those circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is manifested behaviorally through faster response times (RTs) in selecting target items that carry reward-associated features ( Kiss et al., 2009 ) and slower RTs when distractor items do so ( Anderson et al., 2016 ). However, behavioral findings on the effects of reward-associated spatial features on attention are conflicting, with some showing that reward-associated locations in our visual field can attract our attention similarly to reward-associated nonspatial features ( Mine et al., 2021 ; Sisk et al., 2020 ; Anderson and Kim, 2018 ; Chelazzi et al., 2014 ), whereas others do not find an effect ( Won and Leber, 2018 ). This discrepancy has been attributed to the role of awareness of participants of the contingencies between spatial locations and reward, with successful spatial bias only occurring when we are explicitly aware of this association ( Anderson et al., 2021 ; Mine et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic modulation of neural feedback processing and attention during spatial probabilistic learning

Pütz¹,

Berg²,

Lorist³

2022

iScience

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“…This is manifested behaviorally through faster response times (RTs) in selecting target items that carry reward-associated features (Kiss et al, 2009), and slower RTs when distractor items do so (Anderson et al, 2016). However, behavioral findings on the effects of spatial reward-associations on attentional capture are conflicting, with some showing that reward-associated locations in our visual field can capture our attention similarly to reward-associated features (Mine et al, 2021;Sisk et al, 2020;Anderson & Kim, 2018, Chelazzi et al, 2014 whereas others do not find an effect (Won & Leber, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where is the money? Dynamics in feedback processing and attention during spatial probabilistic learning

Pütz

Berg

Lorist

2021

Preprint

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Learned feature-based stimulus-reward-associations can modulate behavior and the underlying neural processing of information. In our study, we investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning of spatial stimulus-reward-associations. Participants performed a probabilistic spatial reward-learning task that required participants, within 40 trials, to learn which out of four locations on a computer screen yielded the most gain-feedback when chosen. Our behavioral findings show that participants learned to choose which location was most rewarding. Those findings were paralleled by significant amplitude differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by the presentation of loss and gain feedback; the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was more negative in response to loss feedback compared to gain feedback, but showed no modulation by trial-number. On the other hand, the late positive component (LPC), became larger in response to losses as the learning-set progressed, but smaller in response to gains. Additionally, immediately following feedback presentation, brain activity in the visual cortex - read out through alpha frequency oscillations measured over occipital sites - was predictive of the amplitude of the N2pc ERP component, a marker of spatial attention orienting, observed on the next trial. Taken together, we elucidated neurocognitive dynamics underlying feedback processing in spatial reward learning, and the subsequent effects that spatial stimulus-reward association learning have on spatial attention.

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Awareness is necessary for attentional biases by location–reward association

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Pavlovian learning in the selection history-dependent control of overt spatial attention.

Pavlovian learning in the selection history-dependent control of overt spatial attention.

Dynamic modulation of neural feedback processing and attention during spatial probabilistic learning

Where is the money? Dynamics in feedback processing and attention during spatial probabilistic learning

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