Awareness, knowledge, and risks of zoonotic diseases among livestock farmers in Punjab

Hundal, J.S.; Sodhi, Simrinder Singh; Gupta, A. K.; Singh, Jaswinder; Chahal, Udeybir Singh

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.186-191

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Literature that describes the level of rabies knowledge and associated attitudes and practices of people in India from backgrounds similar to those in the current study is limited. In a study of farmers who regularly attended GADVASU, Punjab, a greater proportion of participants (83%) than that observed in the current study were not only aware of rabies but also its zoonotic potential (Hundal, Sodhi, Gupta, Singh, & Chahal, ). This could in part be explained by these farmers’ overall higher socio‐economic status—they had all received formal education and not all were smallholders—which might increase their ability to seek, access and understand information about zoonotic diseases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab, India

Brookes

Gill

Singh

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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In August 2015, a rabies outbreak occurred in bovines in a Punjab village, India; subsequently, a farmer in the same village died of rabies in October 2015. We surveyed farmers to describe the outbreak, the demographics and rabies prophylaxis administered to householders on case farms, and farmers’ knowledge of rabies prevention and treatment. We used multiple correspondence analysis to guide investigation of associations between demographics, farm status and rabies knowledge, attitudes and practices. The number of affected bovines was unusually high; 15 cattle and buffalo died on 13 smallholder farms (attack rate 4%). Post‐exposure vaccinations were administered to 24 people (median 2 doses). Affected farms had significantly larger households and were more likely to keep their livestock outside (therefore, accessible by stray dogs), suggesting that the impact of the outbreak was disproportionally borne by households of lower socio‐economic status. Primary sources of rabies information were friends and neighbours, not health authorities or media. Women who had not received formal education were less likely to have heard of rabies. Although case farm participants were more likely to have heard about rabies from a veterinarian, their knowledge and practices to prevent rabies did not reflect the level expected considering their contact with a health professional; they were more likely to believe that traditional remedies prevent rabies and less likely to tell their children to avoid playing with stray dogs than participants from other farms. This study highlights knowledge dissemination disparities that, if typical of rural locations, could obstruct attempts to eliminate canine‐mediated human rabies in India. Therefore, understanding the pervasiveness and influence of traditional medical beliefs on treatment‐seeking behaviour, communication structures within villages and the impact of local practices such as carcass disposal on dog populations will be essential to ensure that rabies control strategies are effective in rural India.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab, India

Brookes

Gill

Singh

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…In this study, even though 63.5% respondents were aware of diseases that are transmitted through the consumption of raw cow milk, 50.9% of the respondents' forms of milk preference were raw milk. Hundal et al (2016) from Punjab were reported that 69.6% of the respondents drink raw milk and 55.6% of the respondents knew diseases can be transmitted through consumption of contaminated milk. Large amounts of E. coli, S. aureus, Candida albicans and other health hazard microbes have been reported in raw milk, cultured pasteurized milk and naturally soured raw milk (Gran et al, 2003), and this emphasizes need for improved hygienic practices and precaution at all levels of milk processing value chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of community knowledge, attitude and practice on milk borne zoonoses disease in Debre- Birhan town, north Shewa, Ethiopia

Delelegn¹,

Girma²

2018

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Debre-Birhan town, North shoa, Ethiopia, with the objectives of assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the study participants with respect to milk borne zoonoses; and to determine the effect of demographic character of respondents on knowledge, attitude and practice of zoonotic diseases. Data were collected from the respondents through administering semi-structured questionnaire across the randomly selected collection centers, retailers, consumers and smallholder dairy farmers of the towns. The questionnaire was administered to 230 respondents (5 milk collection centers, 100 consumers, 40 retailers and 85 smallholder dairy farms). The study result showed that 63.5% of the respondents from the total study population knew diseases can be acquired through consumptions of raw cow milk, 61.3% of respondents did not know the names of milk borne zoonotic diseases, and 50.9% of the respondents' forms of milk preference were raw milk. Of the total respondents, 35.2% had no idea of prevention of milk borne zoonotic diseases. In this study, 92.2% of the respondent did not get formal training on zoonotic diseases. Statistically there was strong association between educational level and KAP of the respondents on milk borne zoonosis, (p<0.05). There was statistically significance difference (p<0.05) on KAP of milk borne zoonosis of the respondents between urban and peri-urban areas. In the current study, the study population has low level of awareness regarding milk borne zoonoses. One way to approach this problem would be to develop educational outreach programs for dairy producers, and public at large, that focuses on issues related to the preventions of consumption of raw milk and milk borne zoonoses.

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“…A recent study by Hundal et al. () of 250 livestock farmers in the Punjab showed that rabies awareness is high in this stakeholder group—most farmers were aware that rabies can be transmitted via a dog‐bite (98.4%) and that PEP can prevent rabies in humans (96.8%). Reports of dog‐bites (data received from the Directorate of Health and family Welfare, Punjab, unpublished results) demonstrated increased incidence in humans in the Punjab between 2010 and 2014 (Pearson's r = .92, 95% confidence interval 0.23‐1.00) despite a stable number of confirmed cases in dogs identified in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many reports that describe aspects of rabies control in India—for example, methods to improve coverage of dog vaccination and assessment of levels of rabies awareness (Gibson et al., ; Hundal, Sodhi, Gupta, Singh, & Chahal, ). However, we were unable to find recent descriptions of the reported distribution and occurrence of rabies cases in animals for the purpose of informing control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab, India

Brookes

Gill

Singh

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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SummaryPrevious studies estimate that one-third of the annual global burden of rabies (~20,000 cases) occurs in India. Elimination of canine rabies is essential to reduce this burden.Surveillance of animal cases can assess both the risk to humans and the efficacy of control strategies. The objective of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal Long-term temporal trend was not detected in dog and cattle cases. Time-series models identified significant cross-correlation between dog and buffalo cases, suggesting that buffalo cases were spillover events from dogs. Significant spatio-temporal variation or clusters of cases were not detected. These results indicate that rabies cases in animals-and therefore, the potential for exposure to humans-were temporally and spatially stable during 2004-2014 in Punjab, India. The endemic nature of rabies transmission in this region demands a coordinated, sustained control programme. This study provides baseline information for assessing the efficacy of rabies control measures and developing seasonally targeted dog vaccination and rabies awareness strategies.

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Awareness, knowledge, and risks of zoonotic diseases among livestock farmers in Punjab

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab, India

Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab, India

Assessment of community knowledge, attitude and practice on milk borne zoonoses disease in Debre- Birhan town, north Shewa, Ethiopia

Exploring animal rabies endemicity to inform control programmes in Punjab, India

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