“…Furthermore, the effect of using metal 5,7,27,29 and fiber reinforced composite (FRC) materials 17–26 on the capability of carrying various loading has been investigated. Examples of these loadings are axial compression, 10–13 in-plane compression, 17,19,25,28,29 and out-of-plane compression 4,16,21–25,27,29 loads as well as on three-point bending, 23,28 torsion, 18 shear loading, 16,21,25–29 and impact loading. 5–7,14 Researches have shown that the use of carbon-FRC in comparison with metal materials, in addition to improving the mechanical behavior of structures, can lead to high fuel efficiency in naval ships and submarine propellers.…”