“…However, rotor copper losses and accordingly low thermal load ability are the biggest disadvantages of these motors. Especially in electric vehicle applications, motors containing magnets are often preferred [3][4][5][6]. However, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs), some of the most often used motors in electric vehicles, are very popular due to their high torque density, high efficiency, wide speed range, and reluctance torque in addition to magnet torque [7,8].…”