Axial Length Shortening and Choroid Thickening in Myopic Adults Treated with Repeated Low-Level Red Light

Liu, Guihua; Li, Bingqin; Hua, Rong; Du, Bei; Wang, Biying; Hu, Jiamei; Zhang, Bin; Wei, Ruihua

doi:10.3390/jcm11247498

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[25][26][27]29,33 Although 1% atropine has been reported to cause a short-term hyperopic shift and reduction in AL (+0.20-D spherical equivalent refraction and 0.10-mm AL reduction at 4 months), the authors are not aware of any other treatment that consistently shows a clinically meaningful initial decrease in AL. 61 Given this finding and the fact that children's AL is increasing over time naturally, Liu et al 62 hypothesized that the AL effects may be underestimated in a pediatric population. Therefore, they ran a short study to determine the number of adults who would experience AL shortening from low-level red-light therapy.…”

Section: Treatment Efficacy: Axial Length and Refractive Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 One percent of the total power low-level red-light treatment did not show any significant effect in choroidal thickening or AL shortening in one trial with adults, so 1% power may work as an effective placebo. 62 However, because this trial was with adults, it is possible that this power would have some small effect on children.…”

Section: Treatment Efficacy: Axial Length and Refractive Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One group recommended monitoring multifocal electroretinogram and macular ocular coherence tomography to further assess long-term damage that may cause decreased retinal sensitivity and structural changes, although this study also did not report any adverse outcomes. 62 A single case has been published of a child who, after receiving low-level red-light therapy for 5 months, presented with diminished responses on multifocal electroretinogram along with foveal damage on optical coherence tomography consistent with mild laser-induced maculopathy. 71 One notes that if you shine a laser pointer at a light meter and the light meter reads 1600 lux, staring directly at this laser pointer is not the same visual experience as looking at a natural scene that has an ambient illumination of 1600 lux.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,9,10 Another question raised when comparing animal studies with initial human trials is the question of illuminance. If 1 and 10% power in milliwatts shows no to minimal efficacy, 25,62 yet 500 to 750 lux can induce hyperopia in animals, 57 it may be that another power would have equal or greater efficacy than 1600 lux. A value of 1600 lux is significantly lower than what is experienced outdoors on a given day, where even a cloudy day may reach >5000 lux, whereas a bright sunny day may be greater than 100,000 lux.…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the observation of AL shortening, investigators have begun looking at choroidal thickening and its relationship to AL change in low-level red-light therapy. Axial length shortening has been associated with greater change in choroidal thickness, but choroidal thickening explains only a portion of the AL change 59,62 . Liu et al 62 reported significant subfoveal choroidal thickening within 2 weeks of starting low-level red light in adults and a continual increase in thickness for at least 1 month.…”

Section: Background: the Value Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy: The Next Wave in Myopia Management?

Salzano,

Khanal,

Cheung

et al. 2023

Optom Vis Sci

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Significance Exposure to long-wavelength light has been proposed as a potential intervention to slow myopia progression in children. This article provides an evidence-based review of the safety and myopia control efficacy of red light and discusses the potential mechanisms by which red light may work to slow childhood myopia progression. The spectral composition of the ambient light in the visual environment has powerful effects on eye growth and refractive development. Studies in mammalian and primate animal models (macaque monkeys and tree shrews) have shown that daily exposure to long wavelength (red or amber) light promotes slower eye growth and hyperopia development and inhibits myopia induced by form deprivation or minus lens wear. Consistent with these results, several recent randomized controlled clinical trials in Chinese children have demonstrated that exposure to red light for three minutes twice a day significantly reduces myopia progression and axial elongation. These findings have collectively provided strong evidence for the potential of using red light as a myopia control intervention in clinical practice. However, several questions remain unanswered. In this article, we review the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of red light as a myopia control intervention, describe potential mechanisms, and discuss some key unresolved issues that require consideration before red light can be broadly translated into myopia control in children.

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Section: Treatment Efficacy: Axial Length and Refractive Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment Efficacy: Axial Length and Refractive Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background: the Value Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy: The Next Wave in Myopia Management?

Salzano,

Khanal,

Cheung

et al. 2023

Optom Vis Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Wavelength‐Selective Photodetector and Neuromorphic Visual Sensor Utilizing Intrinsic Defect Semiconductor

Wang,

Xue,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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With the rapid developments of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), increasingly intricate and expanding application scenarios are placing higher demands on current machine vision capabilities. Therefore, there is a pressing need to simultaneously achieve diverse functionalities, simple designs, and efficient computing in vision devices. Here, the study develops a two‐terminal optoelectronic device utilizing a single 2D intrinsic defect semiconductor In2S3. The device demonstrates wavelength‐selective photodetection and neuromorphic visual capabilities, attributed to defect‐related charge‐trapping/de‐trapping processes. As a photodetector, the device exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 473.6 A W−1, a high external quantum efficiency of 1.6 × 105%, and a fast rise/fall time of 0.3/1.4 ms at the wavelength of 359 nm. As an all‐in‐one neuromorphic visual device, optoelectronic‐driven fundamental synaptic functions, including paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), short‐term plasticity (STP), long‐term plasticity (LTP), and “learning‐experience”, are successfully mimicked at the wavelength of 671 nm. Moreover, one‐shot recognition of the 12‐letter image “SHAN XI NORMAL” is achieved through an artificial convolutional neural network. This study provides a new strategy for developing compact high‐level intelligence systems for complex application scenarios.

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