“…Mamalis et al [18] studied non-metallic plastic square tubes under axial load. The effect of CFRP on the collapse of composite circular tubes was studied by Mamalis et al [19,20], Gupta and Abbas [21], Hanefi and Wierzbicki [22] and more recently by Wang and Lu [23]. However, in most of these crush studies, formulations for the mean crush load were derived with little focus on the development of the collapse curves, such as those by Key and Hancock [24], Zhao et al [25] and more recently by Elchalakani et al [26,27] for bending of CHS.…”