Axial seamount - restless, wired and occupied: A conceptual overview of resident AUV operations and technologies

Manalang, Dana; Delaney, John R.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2016.7761305

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Event plumes are hallmarks of mid‐ocean ridge eruptions but have yet to be confirmed at Axial Seamount because of the lack of plume data from the first days posteruption. Adding water column moorings and resident mobile platforms (e.g., AUVs and gliders; Manalang & Delaney, ; Wilcock et al, ) to the Cabled Array would accelerate studies of crustal‐ocean interactions and allow the Axial node of the Ocean Observatory to truly observe the ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posteruption Enhancement of Hydrothermal Activity: A 33‐Year, Multieruption Time Series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge)

Baker

Walker

Chadwick

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Mid-ocean ridge eruptions, initiating or revitalizing hydrothermal discharge and disrupting seafloor ecosystems, occur regularly as a consequence of plate spreading. Evaluating their impact on long-term hydrothermal discharge requires information on the scale and duration of any posteruption enhancement. Here we describe a unique hydrothermal plume time series of annual (or more frequent) observations at Axial Seamount vent fields from 1985 through 2017, missing only 7 years. Axial, a hot spot volcano astride the Juan de Fuca Ridge, experienced eruptions in 1998, and 2015. In 1998 lava flooded the SE caldera and south rift zone, but in 2015 most lava was extruded in a series of flows extending~20 km down the north rift zone. Response cruises occurred within 18 days (1998) to about 4 months, followed by regular posteruption observations. All 30 cruises measured plume rise height (a proxy for heat flux) and turbidity (indicative of chemical changes in vent discharge) at several vent sites, yielding an integrated view of vent field activity. Venting in the SE caldera area persisted throughout the time series, consistent with the imaged location of the shallowest portion of the melt-rich magma reservoir. Eruptions produced substantial and diagnostic increases in plume rise and turbidity, and posteruption enhancements lasted 2-5 years, totaling~10 years over the course of the time series. Estimates of the relative heat flux indicate a sixfold increase during eruption-enhanced periods, implying that generalizations about mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes may be underestimates if based on non-eruption-enhanced hydrothermal activity alone. Plain Language SummaryWe use a three-decade-long time series to understand how seafloor volcanic eruptions affect hydrothermal venting. Axial Seamount, 1,400 m deep and about 400 km off the coast of Washington state, has erupted in 1998, 2011, and 2015. Each eruption caused a substantial increase, lasting 2 to 5 years, in the discharge of hot fluids and chemicals from the seafloor. These eruption periods thus contributed more heat and chemicals to the ocean than the 20 years with no eruption activity. Seafloor eruptions may thus play a more important role in hydrothermal venting than previously expected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posteruption Enhancement of Hydrothermal Activity: A 33‐Year, Multieruption Time Series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge)

Baker

Walker

Chadwick

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The inset figure shows the location of Axial Seamount in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, the configuration of the OOI Cabled Array, and six hydrophones on the OOI and Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) cabled observatories (yellow circles) used to locate hydroacoustic events on April 24, 2011 ( Figure 4c). Modified from Manalang and Delaney (2016), created by the University of Washington Center for Environmental Visualization OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO THE 1998 ERUPTION Axial Seamount was first mapped with multibeam bathymetry and side-scan sonar systems in the early 1980s, and submersible-based studies of seafloor geology and hydrothermal venting commenced at the summit in 1983 (Chase et al, 1985;Butterfield et al, 1990). Sustained geophysical monitoring of Axial Seamount started in 1987 with the deployment of a bottom pressure recorder (BPR) near the center of the summit caldera (Fox, 1990).…”

Section: Created By the University Of Washington Center For Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, ocean gliders could be deployed to survey the hydrothermal plumes as is done at many of the other OOI observatory sites. Manalang and Delaney (2016) explore the feasibility of adding a resident autonomous underwater vehicle at Axial Seamount. It would dock to the Cabled Array to recharge batteries and download data, and utilize a network of acoustic transponders to navigate and communicate while executing missions (title page and Figure S2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recent Volcanic History of Axial Seamount: Geophysical Insights into Past Eruption Dynamics with an Eye Toward Enhanced Observations of Future Eruptions

Wilcock¹,

Dziak²,

Tolstoy³

et al. 2018

Oceanog

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“…Long-term deployments of more energy-intensive vehicles will become more commonplace as vehicle charging and wireless data transfer capabilities are added to remote infrastructure, such as Cabled Observatories (Manalang and Delaney, 2016) and marine hydrokinetic energy system installations (LiVecchi et al, 2019). Temporary docking installations may be used in areas of intensive monitoring, such as deep well decommissioning.…”

Section: Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Vision for Autonomous Ocean Observations

Whitt¹,

Pearlman²,

Polagye

et al. 2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Whitt et al. Future of Autonomous Ocean Observations reductions. Cost reductions could enable order-of-magnitude increases in platform operations and increase sampling resolution for a given level of investment. Energy harvesting technologies should be integral to the system design, for sensors, platforms, vehicles, and docking stations. Connections are needed between the marine energy and ocean observing communities to coordinate among funding sources, researchers, and end users. Regional teams should work with global organizations such as IOC/GOOS in governance development. International networks such as emerging glider operations (EGO) should also provide a forum for addressing governance. Networks of multiple vehicles can improve operational efficiencies and transform operational patterns. There is a need to develop operational architectures at regional and global scales to provide a backbone for active networking of autonomous platforms.

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Axial seamount - restless, wired and occupied: A conceptual overview of resident AUV operations and technologies

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Posteruption Enhancement of Hydrothermal Activity: A 33‐Year, Multieruption Time Series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge)

Posteruption Enhancement of Hydrothermal Activity: A 33‐Year, Multieruption Time Series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge)

The Recent Volcanic History of Axial Seamount: Geophysical Insights into Past Eruption Dynamics with an Eye Toward Enhanced Observations of Future Eruptions

Future Vision for Autonomous Ocean Observations

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