Axillary and rectal temperature measurements in infants.

Morley, C J; Hewson, Peter; Thornton, Alison J.; Cole, TJ

doi:10.1136/adc.67.1.122

Cited by 98 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similarly, previous studies reported that axillary temperature was 0.25 -1˚C lower than rectal; axillary temperature was 0.18 -0.55˚C lower than tympanic membrane temperature; and the tympanic membrane temperature was 0.17-0.49˚C lower than rectal temperature. [2][3][4][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] A systematic review by Craig et al reported a 0.25˚C difference between axillary temperaturemeasured with a rectal mercury thermometer and 0.85˚C with digital thermometer. Mean differences of axillary-rectal temperatures were 0.17˚C for neonates and 0.92˚C for children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of axillary and tympanic membrane to rectal temperatures in children

Paramita

Karyanti

Soedjatmiko

et al. 2017

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(AUC 0.903 and 0.903, respectively). Conclusion Axillary temperature measurement is as good as tympanic membrane temperature measurement and can be used in daily clinical practice or at home. By increasing the optimum fever cut-off point for axillary and tympanic membrane temperature to 37.8oC, we find sensitivity 81% and 88%, specificity 86% and 73%, PPV 95% and 91%, and NPV 95% and 91%, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of axillary and tympanic membrane to rectal temperatures in children

Paramita

Karyanti

Soedjatmiko

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Axillary and tympanic thermometers are unreliable in young babies. [3][4][5][6] Pacifier thermometers have had limited testing and seem to require an adjustment that may confuse parents. 7-9 A temporal artery (TA) scanner has recently become available for home use, and parents may soon use this because of its noninvasive nature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Fever in Young Infants: Reliability of Perceived, Pacifier, and Temporal Artery Temperatures in Infants Younger Than 3 Months of Age

Callanan

2003

Pediatric Emergency Care

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“…Oral and rectal temperatures are the most reliable predictors of core temperature 8,9 . Rectal measurement is assumed to be the clinical standard 10,11 . But measuring fever with oral or rectal route would sometimes be difficult because they are stressful for infants, are time-dependent and require acertain level of practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical accuracy of non-contact infrared thermometer from umbilical region in children: A new side

et al. 2016

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Measurement from axillary site with digital thermometer has been accepted as the most accurate method. But this method is time consuming. Tympanic and forehead measurements are often used but don't always seem to be more appropriate. Another site, umbilical region, could be an alternative site. This study aims to compare the measurements with axillary digital thermometer and non-contact infrared thermometers at sites from umbilicus and forehead to determine whether umbilical site could be used accurately in children. For each method, 2,048 measurements in total were performed. Using axillary method as gold standard, with a cut-off temperature of 38 o C, the sensitivities and specificities, positive and negative predictive values of umbilical and forehead temperatures and area under the ROC curve were determined in non obese children. There was a significant positive correlation between axillary and umbilical temperatures with a correlation coefficient of 0.78. The average difference between the mean of both axillary and umbilical temperatures was -0.47 ± 0.65°C. The Bland-Altman plot showed good accuracy with only 2.5 % of the readings falling outside the 95% level of confidence. Umbilical measurements showed sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity of 95.8%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.93.The easy application may lead noncontact measurements from umbilicus site to be the preferable method for health care providers, but agreement limits mentioned in this study should be considered.

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Axillary and rectal temperature measurements in infants.

Cited by 98 publications

References 25 publications

A comparison of axillary and tympanic membrane to rectal temperatures in children

A comparison of axillary and tympanic membrane to rectal temperatures in children

Detecting Fever in Young Infants: Reliability of Perceived, Pacifier, and Temporal Artery Temperatures in Infants Younger Than 3 Months of Age

Clinical accuracy of non-contact infrared thermometer from umbilical region in children: A new side

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