Axillary artery thrombosis resulting in upper limb amputation as a COVID-19 sequela

Ramachandran, Riju; Pillai, Anjali; Raja, Suyambu; Sailesh, S.

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-240981

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Presented patients are immune-compromised and with concomitant infectious complications. Ramachandran et al [28] reports a number of cases in which after successful thrombectomy and thrombolysis, repeated arterial thrombosis occurs, which requires high amputation. in such cases, amputation is lifesaving procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboembolism after COVID 19 – our experience with 6 cases.

Anastasova

Zanzov

Krasteva

et al. 2022

AJTES

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Background: The 2020 year was different. WHO announced a global pandemic and till now we have over 2 million fatality rate. The SARS CoV-2 virus causes acute respiratory viral infection and is associated with a wide range of complications. Aim: In this article we are representing six patients with deep venous and arterial thrombosis after Covid-19 and their treatment. Materials and Methods: The patients were treated successively by the Department of Vascular Surgery and the Department of Burns, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery of the "St. George" University Hospital, Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Results: Some of them were treated conservatively and others surgically. The localizations were upper and lower extremity and the hard palate. Amputation of the affected limb, soft tissue defects and conservative treatment was required. The arterial thrombosis were more than venous ones. All the patients were stable at discharge. Conclusion: After COVID-19 complications include Thrombotic events – Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI), Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Pulmonary Embolism (PE), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC) Syndrome. Thromboprophylaxis is very important. It dependent on the severity of the infection, the underlying causes and the course of treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboembolism after COVID 19 – our experience with 6 cases.

Anastasova

Zanzov

Krasteva

et al. 2022

AJTES

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“…In several papers, in some patients revascularisation was unsuccessful, despite receiving therapeutic dose anticoagulation and undergoing arterial thromboembolectomy. 14,18,54,59 Reported mortality was 25% (six of 24 patients) and major amputation was required in four surviving patients (22%). 11,13,14,18,44,54,59e66 Post-operative medication and follow up Very few data were identified regarding post-operative medication following revascularisation of ALI in patients with COVID-19.…”

Section: Acute Upper Limb Ischaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Based on a Scoping Review of the Literature

Jongkind¹,

Earnshaw²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2022

Journal of Vascular Surgery

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“…This causes peripheral total anoxia of digits without collateral circulation, which would lead to total denaturation of trapped hemoglobin molecules to methemoglobin and organic ferric sulfide turning to dark, dry and mummified gangrene of the peripheral tissues. The typical cases are SPG [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] and limb gangrene [ 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Current Classification Of Thrombotic Disorders Without Molec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

Chang

2022

Biomedicines

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Thrombosis, the common and deadliest disorder among human diseases, develops as a result of the intravascular hemostasis following an intravascular injury, which can be caused by a variety of trauma, non-traumatic insults or clinical illnesses. Thrombosis can occur at any location of the vascular system supplied by blood from the heart to large and smallest arterial and venous systems and may affect the function and anatomy of the organ and tissue. It more commonly occurs in the smaller circulatory system of the vascular tree such as arterioles and capillaries, and venules of the organs, especially in the brain, lungs, heart, pancreas, muscle and kidneys, and sinusoids of the liver. Thrombosis has been referred as the disease of “blood clots”, which concept is incompletely defined, but represents many different hemostatic diseases from microthrombosis to fibrin clot disease, macrothrombosis, and combined micro-macrothrombosis. Thrombosis is produced following an intravascular injury via one or more combination of four different mechanisms of thrombogenesis: microthrombogenesis, fibrinogenesis, macrothrombogenesis and micro-macrothrombogenesis initiated by normal physiological hemostasis in vivo following an intravascular injury. The clinical phenotype expression of thrombosis is determined by: (1) depth of the intravascular wall injury, (2) extent of the injury affecting the vascular tree system, (3) physiological character of the involved vascular system, (4) locality of the vascular injury, and (5) underlying non-hemostatic conditions interacting with hemostasis. Recent acquisition of “two-path unifying theory” of hemostasis and “two-activation theory of the endothelium” has opened a new frontier in science of medicine by identifying the pathophysiological mechanism of different thrombotic disorders, and also contributing to the better understanding of many poorly defined human diseases, including different phenotypes of stroke and cardiovascular disease, trauma, sepsis and septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and autoimmune disease, and others. Reviewed are the fundamentals in hemostasis, thrombogenesis and thrombosis based on hemostatic theories, and proposed is a novel classification of thrombotic disorders.

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Axillary artery thrombosis resulting in upper limb amputation as a COVID-19 sequela

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Thromboembolism after COVID 19 – our experience with 6 cases.

Thromboembolism after COVID 19 – our experience with 6 cases.

Update of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Based on a Scoping Review of the Literature

Novel Classification of Thrombotic Disorders Based on Molecular Hemostasis and Thrombogenesis Producing Primary and Secondary Phenotypes of Thrombosis

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