Axis I and Axis II Comorbidity in Alcohol Dependence and the Two Types of Alcoholism

Abstract

The entire spectrum of personality pathology should be assessed in the comorbidity research of alcoholism. The two types of alcoholism differ on a variety of alcohol-related and comorbid personality characteristics, but further research is needed to clarify the underlying psychological and biological associations.

Capacity for cognitive and emotional empathy in alcohol-dependent patients.

“…This Our results are also consistent with the emotional problems presented by AD-Is; specifically with the high comorbidity with depression in this population (Driessen, et al, 1998;Gilman & Abraham, 2001;Lynskey, 1998). As opposed to AD-IIs and in concordance with our hypothesis, AD-Is showed intention attributions with emotions lacking in nuance that can be viewed as reflecting the absence of energy and the low reactivity described in of affiliation are associated with a high level of depression is not surprising considering the mood-congruent bias found in judgment studies of depressed and healthy individuals (e.g., Hale, 1998;Joormann & Gotlib, 2006;Mandal & Bhattacharya, 1985;Niedenthal, et al, 2000;Raes, et al, 2006;Schiffenbauer, 1974).…”

“…Comorbid depression and anxiety are more often found in AD-Is; while comorbid personality disorders are found in AD-IIs (Driessen, Veltrup, Wetterling, John, & Dilling, 1998 …”

Associations Between Past Alcohol, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use and Current Schizotypy Among First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia and Non-Psychiatric Controls

“…Interviews with hospitalized alcohol-dependent patients evidenced that a specific type of alcoholism (termed clinical type B alcoholism) was associated with schizotypal personality disorder [8]. Craig and coworkers [9] also found an association between schizotypal personality style and alcohol addiction in participants from an inpatient rehabilitation treatment program.…”

Generalized anxiety disorder is under-recognized in clinical practice in patients with alcohol dependence in France

“…The study also excluded patients with other substance use disorders (excepting non opioid medications). This criterion is found in most clinical studies (Chignon et al, 1997;Driessen, Veltrup, Wetterling, John, & Dilling, 1998;Kushner et al, 2005;Schneider et al, 2001) because poly-addicted patients have more psychiatric comorbidities (Grant et al, 2005;Merikangas et al, 1998). Seven patients should not have been included in the study (patients with drug dependence whose diagnosis was made secondarily with the M.I.N.I.…”

“…Ideally, diagnostic evaluation should be made after a longer time of abstinence, but we were limited by the length of hospitalizations in the addictology department (maximum 3 or 4 weeks): high levels of anxiety may occur during the first two weeks of abstinence and these symptoms are likely to continue at decreasing levels of intensity during the following months as part of a prolonged weaning syndrome (Schuckit & Hesselbrock, 1994). In most studies the time between cessation of alcohol drinking and diagnostic evaluation is short: from 12 h after the cessation of withdrawal symptoms (assessed by the Alcohol Withdrawal Scale) (Driessen et al, 1998) to 10 days (Schneider et al, 2001) after cessation of alcohol. A study even included non abstinent outpatients to study their comorbidities (Chignon et al, 1997).…”