Axl alleviates DSS-induced colitis by preventing dysbiosis of gut microbiota

Yee, Su-Min; Choi, Hyungsub; Seon, Jeong-Eun; Ban, Yu-Jin; Kim, Minjae; Seo, Jeong Jin; Seo, Ja Hun; Kim, Sehyeon; Moon, Seo Hee; Yun, Chul‐Ho; Lee, Hyang Burm; Kang, Hyung‐Sik

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32527-2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Ying et al found that polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis can increase the secretion of cytokines and alleviate the immunosuppression caused by CTX by up-regulating the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-6, TLR-9 and NF-Bp65. [55] Oral GP1 administration up regulated the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-6, and increased the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas the expression of TLR4 was contrary to the results of Chen et al [48] The reason might be due to the complexity of polysaccharides regulating TLR4 signaling pathway. These results indicated that GP1 alleviated CTX-induced immunosuppression and inflammatory responses by upregulating TLR signaling pathway and enhancing immune cytokines secretion.…”

Section: Gp1 Effectively Reverses Immunosuppression Induced By Ctxmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Chen et al also found that polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis can improve the immune function of the host by increasing the immune organ index, immune cell number and cytokine secretion of mice, and Cai et al found that the polysaccharide from Alhagi honey have the same function. [48,51] These results indicated that the regulation of immune response by GP1 is related to goblet cells, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes proliferation.…”

Section: Gp1 Effectively Reverses Immunosuppression Induced By Ctxmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…At the genus level, after co-culture of GP1, theFirmicutes includingLactobacillus , HT002 and Ligilactobacillus increased by 98.69%, 97.24% and 83.78%, respectively, which may be related to carbohydrate digestion, vitamin synthesis, immune enhancement and inflammation suppression (Figure 5I). [48] And the Proteobacteria includingEscherichia-Shigella , Proteus , Citrobacter decreased significantly, which might trigger digestive disorders and the production of inflammatory factors. [49] Figure Venn diagram was used to present the number common and unique to each group.…”

Section: Gp1 Changed Intestinal Flora Structure and Increased Scfas P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of a new low molecular weight Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and improvement on immune disorders

Zhang,

Song,

Shi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza are known to have several bioactive effects. Current studies on polysaccharides mainly focused on the biological activity of mixed components or large molecular weight polysaccharides. However, the structure-activity relationship between polysaccharides and immune regulation is still unclear. In this work, a low molecular weight GP1 (6.5 kDa) mainly composed of glucose was purified. Its backbone was determined as →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ (9.3%), →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→ residues. This structure gives GP1 the good antioxidant ability (91.85%) and phagocytic activity (129.15%) of RAW264.7 cell. Through in-vitro simulation, it was found that GP1 could be degraded by intestinal flora, increase the production of SCFAs by 83.44%, and promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. Further studies showed that GP1 effectively increased body weight, immune organ index, and intestinal barrier function of immunosuppressed mice. And GP1 also promoted the proliferation of goblet cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by 31.40%, 20.61% and 50.15%, respectively. Meanwhile, GP1 also activated the expression ofTLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 gene in the TLR signaling pathway on the immune cell surface, thereby increasing the release of cytokines. These results indicated that the immunomodulatory of GP1 was closely related to intestinal flora, immune cell and TLR genes up-regulation.

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Section: Gp1 Effectively Reverses Immunosuppression Induced By Ctxmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Gp1 Effectively Reverses Immunosuppression Induced By Ctxmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Gp1 Changed Intestinal Flora Structure and Increased Scfas P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of a new low molecular weight Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and improvement on immune disorders

Zhang,

Song,

Shi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…This is the case with the Lactobacillus / Lactococcus group, where several members can alleviate DSS-induced colitis symptoms [ 63 ]. Our observation that YM consumption reduced Eubacterium rectale / Clostridium coccoides and Enterobacteriaceae groups and increased the Lactobacillus / Lactococcus group could in part explain the beneficial properties of the medicinal plant since controlling dysbiosis and stimulating the presence of favorable bacteria could improve colitis symptoms [ 64 ]. Moreover, a relationship between the consumption of polyphenols and an increase in beneficial microbiota has been well described [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Reduces Colitis Severity by Promoting Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization

Olate-Briones,

Albornoz-Muñoz,

Rodríguez-Arriaza

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Yerba Mate (YM) (Ilex paraguariensis) is a natural herbal supplement with a well-described anti-inflammatory capacity and beneficial effects in different inflammatory contexts such as insulin resistance or obesity. However, whether YM could improve other inflammatory conditions such as colitis or the immune cell population that can be modulated by this plant remains elusive. Here, by using 61 male and female C57BL/6/J wild-type (WT) mice and the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model, we evaluated the effect of YM on colitis symptoms and macrophage polarization. Our results showed that the oral administration of YM reduces colitis symptoms and improves animal survival. Increasing infiltration of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage was observed in the colon of the mice treated with YM. Accordingly, YM promoted M2 macrophage differentiation in vivo. However, the direct administration of YM to bone marrow-derived macrophages did not increase anti-inflammatory polarization, suggesting that YM, through an indirect mechanism, is able to skew the M1/M2 ratio. Moreover, YM consumption reduced the Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides and Enterobacteriaceae groups and increased the Lactobacillus/Lactococcus group in the gut microbiota. In summary, we show that YM promotes an immunosuppressive environment by enhancing anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage differentiation, reducing colitis symptoms, and suggesting that YM consumption may be a good cost-effective treatment for ulcerative colitis.

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“…Whether FGF21 induction causes a feedback inhibition of IL-22 requires further investigation. DSS-induced colitis is characterized by a changed gut microbiota homeostasis (dysbiosis), which is associated with an increased inflammatory response and intestinal barrier injury [64,65]. A gut-dysbiosis-associated decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has also been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FGF21 Depletion Attenuates Colitis through Intestinal Epithelial IL-22-STAT3 Activation in Mice

Shao

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a glucose and lipid metabolic regulator. Recent research revealed that FGF21 was also induced by inflammatory stimuli. Its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been investigated. In this study, an experimental IBD model was established in FGF21 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice by adding 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to their drinking water for 7 days. The severity of the colitis and the inflammation of the mouse colon tissues were analyzed. In WT mice, acute DSS treatment induced an elevation in plasma FGF21 and a significant loss of body weight in a time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, the loss of body weight and the severity of the colitis induced by DSS treatment in WT mice were significantly attenuated in FGF21 KO mice. Colon and circulating pro-inflammatory factors were significantly lower in the FGF21 KO mice compared to the WT mice. As shown by BrdU staining, the FGF21 KO mice demonstrated increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation. DSS treatment reduced intestinal Paneth cell and goblet cell numbers in the WT mice, and this effect was attenuated in the FGF21 KO mice. Mechanistically, FGF21 deficiency significantly increased the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells and increased the expression of IL-22. Further study showed that the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2/3 (SOCS 2/3), a known feedback inhibitor of STAT3, was significantly inhibited in the DSS-treated FGF2 KO mice compared to the WT mice. We conclude that FGF21 deficiency attenuated the severity of DSS-induced acute colitis, which is likely mediated by enhancing the activation of the IL-22-STAT3 signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells.

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Axl alleviates DSS-induced colitis by preventing dysbiosis of gut microbiota

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

Structure of a new low molecular weight Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and improvement on immune disorders

Structure of a new low molecular weight Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and improvement on immune disorders

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Reduces Colitis Severity by Promoting Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization

FGF21 Depletion Attenuates Colitis through Intestinal Epithelial IL-22-STAT3 Activation in Mice

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