Axle gear oils: Friction, wear and tribofilm generation under boundary lubrication regime

Hammami, Maroua; Rodrigues, Nuno; Fernandes, Carlos; Martins, Ramiro C.; Seabra, Jorge; Abbès, Mohamed Slim; Haddar, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.04.018

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The simulations were performed at FZG load stages K5 (Cm=70Nm), K8 (Cm=172Nm), and K11 (Cm=319Nm) at four rotational speeds 250, 500, 1000, and 1750 r/min under an operating temperature of 80 ℃. A particular axle gear oil, the 75W90-A oil, was selected and its chemical and physical properties were measured in previous works 42–44 (see Table 3).…”

Section: Gear Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic effects on spur gear pairs power loss lubricated with axle gear oils

Hammami

Féki

Ksentini

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The dynamic model of 12-degrees-of-freedom for spur gears pair accounting for nonlinear time-varying stiffness, damping, and coefficient of friction along the path of contact obtained from experimental tests is investigated. The Newmark's integration method is used to solve the equations and obtain the dynamic responses. Elementary mass, stiffness, and damping matrices with torsional and translational coupled effects were detailed. The lens of this work is to start from a nonlinear dynamic model to evaluate the influence of dynamic effects and lubrication on meshing gears power loss for different spur gear geometries within various operating conditions. The results reveal some useful references to vibration control, dynamic design, and efficiency improvement.

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Section: Gear Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic effects on spur gear pairs power loss lubricated with axle gear oils

Hammami

Féki

Ksentini

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Hammami et al, [5] performed a comparison between axle gear oils 75W90-A and 75W90-B after 24 h, under similar tests and operating conditions, they showed that, the Calcium-Zinc based additive package of the candidate (B) oil generated closer internal friction torque and boundary coefficient of friction than the additive package of the reference (A) oil. Though, it promoted higher wear indexes, higher surface roughness at the finish of their tests [5]. So, it can be, strongly, noted that the engine oil reflects the performance of the engine via its properties, even though the condition of lubricant oil can affect the performance of the engine as well.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Engine Oil Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 10-15% of total energy produced by an internal combustion engine is lost due to friction in the piston-cylinder [4], while the piston rings might reason about 70% of the total friction energy losses. Whereas, 33% of the total losses of friction happen in the varied film or boundary film lubrication systems [5], the decrease of friction and wear is of specific importance when such lubrication systems prevail this ratio is correct. Wear volume affects mechano-chemical processes happening on the frictional interaction [6], its intensity depends on the concentration of active additives, oil wear products in their structure and chemical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator to estimate the rate of wear

2018

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C URRENT research aims to inspect the chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator of wear in engine. The novelty of work is to test lubricating oil quality and to determine the wear rate in a simple way by taking oil sample of 10 cm 3 and analyzed it in about 5 minutes. This can be done during the operation of equipment without need to stop them, furthermore, this method is a quick indicator of the need to change oil as soon as the initial evidence of wear in the oil molecules. Fresh and used oil samples were chemically analyzed for its elemental analysis for additive elements such as Fe, Cr, pb, Cu, Sn, Al, Ti and Zn, to clarification the wear generation of engine from the contamination present in the lubricating oil. Obtained results showed that increasing percentage of particles of Fe, Cr, pb, Cu, Sn, Al, Ti and Zn metals accompanied by the wear caused in these metals. Height ratio in element Si was not too high this indicated the quality and efficiency of air filters after 100 hours working. Salts such as Na, Ca have increased, but Ba decreased by chemical action at hot temperature of engine.

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“…The results showed that the ball-on-disc test can rank the oils' frictional properties as FZG test did [11]. Regarding the gear application, the ball-on-disc test rig has been widely used also for empirical simulation of the polymer gears [12], friction of the gear oils in different lubrication conditions [13][14][15][16][17], micro pitting [18], and scuffing [19][20][21]. Tribofilm plays an important role in failure prevention in gear contact, however, to this time, there has not been any paper investigating the tribofilm variation at the gear line of action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tribofilm Formation of Simulated Gear Contact Along the Line of Action

Bayat

Lehtovaara

2021

Tribol Lett

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In this paper, an experimental simulation method was used for evaluating the tribofilm formation in rolling/sliding contact at different points in the line of action. A ball-on-disc test method was employed by which the pressure and slide to roll ratio of gear contact could be simulated. In order to reach a general conclusion, four different oils and two surface roughness were involved in the experiments. The tribofilm evolution was captured using spacer layer interferometry method, and the correlation of tribofilm with the location at the line of action was studied. Results showed that there is a threshold pressure for the tribofilm formation around which the tribofilm growth rate is maximum. Above this threshold pressure, the tribofilm formation is not stable, and the wear is dominant. Below this threshold pressure, the tribofilm growth rate rises by increasing the pressure and the gear contact is safely protected by a stable tribofilm. Graphic Abstract

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Axle gear oils: Friction, wear and tribofilm generation under boundary lubrication regime

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamic effects on spur gear pairs power loss lubricated with axle gear oils

Dynamic effects on spur gear pairs power loss lubricated with axle gear oils

Chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator to estimate the rate of wear

Tribofilm Formation of Simulated Gear Contact Along the Line of Action

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