Axonal branching pattern and coupling mechanisms of the cerebral giant neurones in the snail, <i>lymnaea stagnalis</i>

Goldschmeding, J. T.; Duivenboden, Yvonne A. van; Lodder, J.C.

doi:10.1002/neu.480120502

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…At day 14 after the operation, mRNA levels were comparable with control levels again. The fact that the neuropeptide synthesis was not completely abolished is probably attributable to a branch of the CGC innervating the anterior aorta, the venterobuccal artery, and the lip (Goldschmeding et al, 1981), which was not affected by the operation procedure. In accordance with this, transsection of the CBC in Aplysia resulted in only a ϳ50% reduction of neurotransmitter vesicles transported from the CGC soma at day 7 after the operation (Aletta and Goldberg, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The cerebral giant cells (CGCs) of the Lymnaea CNS have particular advantages to study the role of neurotransmitters in regeneration. The CGCs are separated from their target neurons in the buccal ganglia by a large nerve-like connective that is well accessible to various lesion paradigms (McCrohan and Benjamin, 1980a;Goldschmeding et al, 1981;Croll and Chiasson, 1989). The CGCs are the only source of serotonin in the buccal ganglia, allowing specific immunocytochemical detection of regenerating CGC neurites.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Functional Implications of Neurotransmitter Expression during Axonal Regeneration: Serotonin, But Not Peptides, Auto-Regulate Axon Growth of an Identified Central Neuron

et al. 2001

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We studied the regenerative properties of one of two electrically coupled molluscan neurons, the serotonergic cerebral giant cells (CGCs) of Lymnaea stagnalis, after axotomy. The CGCs play a crucial role in feeding behavior, and when both cells are disconnected from their target neurons, animals no longer feed. When one CGC was permanently disconnected from its targets and the other was reversibly damaged by a nerve crush, the latter one regenerated over a period of 2 weeks to reform functional synapses with specific target neurons. At the same time, recovery of the feeding behavior was observed. After the crush, neuropeptide gene expression in the CGC was downregulated to approximately 50%. Serotonin synthesis, on the other hand, remained unaffected, suggesting that serotonin might have an active role in regeneration. In primary neuron culture, CGCs failed to extend neurites in the presence of serotonin; in cells that extended neurites in the absence of serotonin, focally applied serotonin, but not neuropeptides, induced growth cone collapse. Using serotonin-sensitive sniffer cells, we show that CGC neurites and growth cones release serotonin in culture. Finally, both the spontaneous and stimulation-induced release of serotonin from CGCs in culture resulted in growth cone collapse responses that could be blocked by the serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide. Our data suggest that auto-released serotonin is inhibitory to CGC neurite outgrowth in vitro. During regeneration in vivo, serotonin release might fine-tune axon guidance and branching by inducing local collapse responses in extending neurites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Functional Implications of Neurotransmitter Expression during Axonal Regeneration: Serotonin, But Not Peptides, Auto-Regulate Axon Growth of an Identified Central Neuron

et al. 2001

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“…To assess the effect of age on throughput of peripheral chemosensory information to the feeding circuit, we monitored electrical activity of CGCs in intact, freely behaving young and old snails by means of extracellular recordings from the cerebrobuccal connective while subjecting them to peripheral sucrose stimulations as before. Each CGC has a large axonal projection into the ipsilateral cerebrobuccal connective (Figure 7A; Goldschmeding, van Duivenboden, & Lodder, 1981; McCrohan & Benjamin, 1980a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of long-term associative memory in aging snails (Lymnaea stagnalis).

Hermann

Lee

Hulliger

et al. 2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Age-dependent impairment in learning and memory functions occurs in many animal species, including humans. Although cell death contributes to age-related cognitive impairment in pathological forms of aging, learning and memory deficiencies develop with age even without substantial cell death. The molecular and cellular basis of this biological aging process is not well understood but seems to involve a decline in the aging brain's capacity for experience-dependent plasticity. To aid in resolving this issue, we used a simple snail appetitive classical conditioning paradigm in which the underlying molecular, cellular, and neural network functions can be directly linked to age-associated learning and memory performance (i.e., the Lymnaea stagnalis feeding system). Our results indicate that age does not affect the acquisition of appetitive memory but that retention and/or consolidation of long-term memory become progressively impaired with advancing age. The latter phenomenon correlates with declining electrophysiological excitability in key neurons controlling the feeding behavior. Together, these results present the Lymnaea feeding system as a powerful paradigm for investigations of cellular and molecular foundations of biological aging in the brain.

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“…Its precise role remains to be determined. The CGC neuron is known to contain various other transmitters (serotonin and myomodulin , ), which may be evoked during nitric oxide release.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Nitric Oxide Release from Single Neurons in the Pond Snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

et al. 2006

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Multiple film-coated nitric oxide sensors have been fabricated using Nafion and electropolymerized polyeugenol or o-phenylenediamine on 30-microm carbon fiber disk electrodes. This is a rare study that utilizes disk electrodes rather than the widely used protruding tip microelectrodes in order to measure from a biological environment. These electrodes have been used to evaluate the differences in nitric oxide release between two different identified neurons in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. These results show the first direct measurements of nitric oxide release from individual neurons. The electrodes are very sensitive to nitric oxide with a detection limit of 2.8 nM and a sensitivity of 9.46 nA microM-1. The sensor was very selective against a variety of neurochemical interferences such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and catecholamines and secondary oxidation products such as nitrite. Nitric oxide release was measured from the cell bodies of two neurons, the cerebral giant cell (CGC) and the B2 buccal motor neuron, in the intact but isolated CNS. A high-Ca2+/high-K+ stimulus was capable of evoking reproducible release. For a given stimulus, the B2 neuron released more nitric oxide than the CGC neuron; however, both cells were equally suppressed by the NOS inhibitor l-NAME.

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Axonal branching pattern and coupling mechanisms of the cerebral giant neurones in the snail, lymnaea stagnalis

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Functional Implications of Neurotransmitter Expression during Axonal Regeneration: Serotonin, But Not Peptides, Auto-Regulate Axon Growth of an Identified Central Neuron

Functional Implications of Neurotransmitter Expression during Axonal Regeneration: Serotonin, But Not Peptides, Auto-Regulate Axon Growth of an Identified Central Neuron

Impairment of long-term associative memory in aging snails (Lymnaea stagnalis).

Detection of Nitric Oxide Release from Single Neurons in the Pond Snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

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